Key Laboratory of Special Environments Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830017, China.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 May 17;20(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04057-0.
The hair follicle is a skin accessory organ that regulates hair development, and its activity varies on a regular basis. However, the significance of metabolites in the hair follicle cycle has long been unknown.
Targeted metabolomics was used in this investigation to reveal the expression patterns of 1903 metabolites in cashmere goat skin during anagen to telogen. A statistical analysis was used to investigate the potential associations between metabolites and the hair follicle cycle. The findings revealed clear changes in the expression patterns of metabolites at various phases and in various feeding models. The majority of metabolites (primarily amino acids, nucleotides, their metabolites, and lipids) showed downregulated expression from anagen (An) to telogen (Tn), which was associated with gene expression, protein synthesis and transport, and cell structure, which reflected, to some extent, that the cells associated with hair follicle development are active in An and apoptotic in An-Tn. It is worth mentioning that the expression of vitamin D3 and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine decreased and then increased, which may be related to the shorter and longer duration of outdoor light, which may stimulate the hair follicle to transition from An to catagen (Cn). In the comparison of different hair follicle development stages (An, Cn, and Tn) or feeding modes (grazing and barn feeding), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that common differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) (2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate) were enriched in ABC transporters. This finding suggested that this pathway may be involved in the hair follicle cycle. Among these DEMs, riboflavin is absorbed from food, and the expression of riboflavin and sugars (D-glucose and glycogen) in skin tissue under grazing was greater and lower than that during barn feeding, respectively, suggesting that eating patterns may also alter the hair follicle cycle.
The expression patterns of metabolites such as sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in skin tissue affect hair follicle growth, in which 2'-deoxyadenosine, L-valine, 2'-deoxyuridine, riboflavin, cytidine, deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan, and guanosine-5'-monophosphate may regulate the hair follicle cycle by participating in ABC transporters. Feeding practices may regulate hair follicle cycles by influencing the amount of hormones and vitamins expressed in the skin of cashmere goats.
毛囊是一种皮肤附属器官，调节毛发的生长，其活性呈周期性变化。然而，毛囊周期中的代谢物的意义长期以来一直不为人知。
本研究采用靶向代谢组学方法揭示了在山羊生长期到休止期，1903 种代谢物在皮肤中的表达模式。统计分析用于研究代谢物与毛囊周期之间的潜在关联。研究结果表明，在不同的阶段和不同的饲养模型中，代谢物的表达模式发生了明显的变化。大多数代谢物（主要是氨基酸、核苷酸及其代谢物和脂质）从生长期（An）到休止期（Tn）表达下调，这与基因表达、蛋白质合成和运输以及细胞结构有关，这在某种程度上反映了与毛囊发育相关的细胞在 An 期活跃，在 An-Tn 期凋亡。值得注意的是，维生素 D3 和 3,3',5-三碘-L-甲状腺素的表达先下降后上升，这可能与户外光照时间的长短有关，光照可能会刺激毛囊从生长期向退行期（Cn）过渡。在不同的毛囊发育阶段（生长期、退行期和休止期）或饲养方式（放牧和舍饲）的比较中，京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析表明，共同差异表达代谢物（DEMs）（2'-脱氧腺苷、L-缬氨酸、2'-脱氧尿苷、核黄素、胞苷、脱氧鸟苷、L-色氨酸和鸟苷-5'-单磷酸）在 ABC 转运体中富集。这一发现表明，该途径可能参与了毛囊周期。在这些 DEMs 中，核黄素从食物中吸收，皮肤组织中核黄素和糖（D-葡萄糖和糖原）的表达在放牧时更高，而在舍饲时更低，这表明饮食方式也可能改变毛囊周期。
皮肤组织中糖、脂质、氨基酸和核苷酸等代谢物的表达模式影响毛发生长，其中 2'-脱氧腺苷、L-缬氨酸、2'-脱氧尿苷、核黄素、胞苷、脱氧鸟苷、L-色氨酸和鸟苷-5'-单磷酸可能通过参与 ABC 转运体来调节毛囊周期。饲养方式可能通过影响绒山羊皮肤中激素和维生素的表达量来调节毛囊周期。
