Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS), Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2024 Sep;63(6):2307-2315. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03396-w. Epub 2024 May 19.
To estimate, in a cohort of young Portuguese adults, the environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) of diet according to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD).
Data from 1554 participants of the Epidemiologic Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen) were analysed. Food intake and MD adherence were determined using validated questionnaires. The environmental impact was evaluated with the EAT-Lancet Commission tables, and the link between MD adherence and environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models.
Higher adherence (high vs. low) to the MD was associated with lower environmental impact in terms of land use (7.8 vs. 8.5 m, p = 0.002), potential acidification (57.8 vs. 62.4 g SO2-eq, p = 0.001) and eutrophication (21.7 vs. 23.5 g PO4-eq, p < 0.001). Energy use decreased only in the calorie-adjusted model (9689.5 vs. 10,265.9 kJ, p < 0.001), and GHG emissions were reduced only in a complementary model where fish consumption was eliminated (3035.3 vs. 3281.2 g CO2-eq, p < 0.001). Meat products had the greatest environmental impact for all five environmental factors analysed: 35.7% in GHG emissions, 60.9% in energy use, 72.8% in land use, 70% in acidification and 61.8% in eutrophication.
Higher adherence to the MD is associated with lower environmental impact, particularly in terms of acidification, eutrophication, and land use. Reducing meat consumption can contribute to greater environmental sustainability.
在葡萄牙年轻成年人队列中评估饮食根据地中海饮食（MD）的依从性对环境的影响（温室气体（GHG）排放、土地利用、能源使用、酸化和潜在富营养化）。
分析了波尔图青少年流行病学健康调查（EPITeen）的 1554 名参与者的数据。使用经过验证的问卷确定食物摄入量和 MD 的依从性。使用 EAT-Lancet 委员会表评估环境影响，并使用调整后的多变量线性回归模型计算 MD 依从性与环境影响之间的联系。
较高的 MD 依从性（高 vs. 低）与土地利用（7.8 对 8.5 m，p=0.002）、潜在酸化（57.8 对 62.4 g SO2-eq，p=0.001）和富营养化（21.7 对 23.5 g PO4-eq，p<0.001）方面的环境影响降低有关。只有在卡路里调整模型中，能量使用才会减少（9689.5 对 10,265.9 kJ，p<0.001），只有在消除鱼类消费的补充模型中，GHG 排放才会减少（3035.3 对 3281.2 g CO2-eq，p<0.001）。所有五个环境因素分析中，肉类产品对环境的影响最大：GHG 排放 35.7%，能源使用 60.9%，土地利用 72.8%，酸化 70%，富营养化 61.8%。
较高的 MD 依从性与较低的环境影响相关，特别是在酸化、富营养化和土地利用方面。减少肉类消费可以促进更大的环境可持续性。
