Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Agrifood and Bioscience, RISE- Research Institutes of Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 8;10(1):20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56924-8.
The objective was to examine 10-year changes in dietary carbon footprint relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the unique longitudinal Västerbotten Intervention Programme, Sweden. Here, 14 591 women and 13 347 men had been followed over time. Food intake was assessed via multiple two study visits 1996-2016, using a 64-item food frequency questionnaire. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) related to food intake, expressed as kg carbon dioxide equivalents/1000 kcal and day, were estimated. Participants were classified into GHGE quintiles within sex and 10-year age group strata at both visits. Women and men changing from lowest to highest GHGE quintile exhibited highest body mass index within their quintiles at first visit, and the largest increase in intake of meat, minced meat, chicken, fish and butter and the largest decrease in intake of potatoes, rice and pasta. Women and men changing from highest to lowest GHGE quintile exhibited basically lowest rates of university degree and marriage and highest rates of smoking within their quintiles at first visit. Among these, both sexes reported the largest decrease in intake of meat, minced meat and milk, and the largest increase in intake of snacks and, for women, sweets. More research is needed on how to motivate dietary modifications to reduce climate impact and support public health.
本研究旨在探讨个体特征和食物摄入对饮食碳足迹 10 年变化的影响，该研究基于瑞典独特的纵向韦斯特博滕干预项目。在该项目中，14591 名女性和 13347 名男性被长期随访。通过多次两次研究访问（1996-2016 年），使用 64 项食物频率问卷评估了食物摄入量。温室气体排放量（GHGE）与食物摄入量有关，以每 1000 千卡和每天千克二氧化碳当量表示。参与者根据性别和 10 年年龄组分层，在两次访问中被分为 GHGE 五分位数。在第一次访问时，从最低 GHGE 五分位数变为最高 GHGE 五分位数的女性和男性在其五分位数中表现出最高的体重指数，并且肉类、肉末、鸡肉、鱼类和黄油的摄入量增加最大，而土豆、大米和面食的摄入量减少最大。在第一次访问时，从最高 GHGE 五分位数变为最低 GHGE 五分位数的女性和男性在其五分位数中具有最低的大学学历和婚姻率，以及最高的吸烟率。在这些人中，男女都报告了肉类、肉末和牛奶摄入量的最大减少，以及零食摄入量的最大增加，而女性则增加了甜食的摄入量。需要进一步研究如何通过饮食改变来减少气候影响并支持公众健康。
