College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 May 20;24(1):1356. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18843-w.
Emerging adults (aged 18-29) are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than any other adult age group. Black Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic white Americans to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. This study explored factors which affect vaccine intention and attitudes in Black American emerging adults with asthma.
Participants were recruited from an NHLBI-funded clinical trial to improve asthma control. Fifty-nine Black American emerging adults completed a Qualtrics survey that assessed asthma control, intention to vaccinate, and factors which may affect the decision to vaccinate. Twenty-five participants also completed a semi-structured interview via Zoom. Bivariate correlations and descriptive statistics, including Chi Square analyses, were run using SPSS. Interview thematic analyses were conducted via QDA Miner.
Of the 59 Black American emerging adults with asthma who completed surveys, 32.2% responded that they were highly unlikely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, while 50.8% responded that they were highly likely to receive it. Increased asthma control was significantly correlated with a higher likelihood to discuss the COVID-19 vaccine with their healthcare provider (ρ = 0.339, α = 0.011). Concerns about immediate (ρ= -0.261, α = 0.050) and long-term (ρ= -0.280, α = 0.035) side effects were inversely correlated with intention to vaccinate. Only 17% of the participants who were unemployed stated that they were highly likely to receive the vaccines compared to 65% of the participants who were employed; however, interview participants who were unemployed stated not needing the vaccine because they were protecting themselves by social distancing. When deciding whether to receive the vaccine, safety, efficacy, and immediate side effects were the top three factors for 91%, 54%, and 49% of the participants, respectively. Beliefs about the vaccines' safety and efficacy, information gathering, personal factors, and societal factors emerged as important themes from the interviews.
Only half of the surveyed Black American emerging adults with asthma were highly likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Safety and efficacy were important for the majority of the participants, regardless of vaccine intention. Greater asthma control, but not access to asthma-related healthcare, was correlated with intention to discuss the vaccine with their healthcare provider.
18-29 岁的年轻人（新兴成年人）接种新冠疫苗的可能性低于任何其他成年人群体。非西班牙裔黑种美国人接种新冠疫苗的比例低于非西班牙裔白种美国人。本研究探讨了影响黑种美国新兴成年人哮喘患者疫苗接种意愿和态度的因素。
参与者是从美国国立卫生研究院（NHLBI）资助的一项临床试验中招募的，旨在改善哮喘控制。59 名黑种美国新兴成年人完成了一份关于哮喘控制、接种疫苗意愿以及可能影响接种决定的因素的 Qualtrics 调查。其中 25 名参与者还通过 Zoom 完成了半结构化访谈。使用 SPSS 进行了双变量相关性和描述性统计分析，包括卡方分析。使用 QDA Miner 进行了访谈主题分析。
在完成调查的 59 名黑种美国哮喘新兴成年人中，32.2%的人表示他们极不可能接种新冠疫苗，而 50.8%的人表示他们极有可能接种。哮喘控制程度的提高与更有可能与医疗保健提供者讨论新冠疫苗呈显著正相关（ρ=0.339，α=0.011）。对即刻（ρ=-0.261，α=0.050）和长期（ρ=-0.280，α=0.035）副作用的担忧与接种意愿呈负相关。只有 17%的失业参与者表示他们极有可能接种疫苗，而 65%的就业参与者表示他们极有可能接种疫苗；然而，失业的访谈参与者表示不需要接种疫苗，因为他们通过保持社交距离来保护自己。在决定是否接种疫苗时，安全性、有效性和即刻副作用是 91%、54%和 49%的参与者最关注的前三大因素。对疫苗安全性和有效性的信念、信息收集、个人因素和社会因素是从访谈中出现的重要主题。
只有一半的接受调查的黑种美国哮喘新兴成年人极有可能接种新冠疫苗。对于大多数参与者来说，安全性和有效性都很重要，无论他们是否打算接种疫苗。哮喘控制程度的提高，但不是获得与哮喘相关的医疗保健，与与医疗保健提供者讨论疫苗的意愿呈正相关。
