School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
J Nutr. 2024 Jul;154(7):1985-1993. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.022. Epub 2024 May 24.
Carotenoids are fat-soluble phytochemicals with biological roles, including ultraviolet protective functions in skin. Spectroscopic skin carotenoid measurements can also serve as a noninvasive biomarker for carotenoid consumption. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic genes are associated with human plasma carotenoid concentrations; however, their relationships with skin carotenoid concentrations are unknown.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between 13 candidate SNPs with skin and plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after a carotenoid-rich tomato juice intervention.
In this randomized, controlled trial, participants (n = 80) were provided with lycopene-rich vegetable juice providing low (13.1 mg), medium (23.9 mg), and high (31.0 mg) daily total carotenoid doses for 8 wk. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and skin carotenoid score was assessed by reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter) at baseline and the end-of-study time point. Thirteen candidate SNPs in 5 genes (BCO1, CD36, SCARB1, SETD7, and ABCA1) were genotyped from blood using PCR-based assays. Mixed models tested the effects of the intervention, study time point, interaction between intervention and study time point, and SNP genotype on skin and plasma carotenoids throughout the study. Baseline carotenoid intake, body mass index, gender, and age are covariates in all models.
The genotype of CD36 rs1527479 (P = 0.0490) was significantly associated with skin carotenoid concentrations when baseline and the final week of the intervention were evaluated. Genotypes for BCO1 rs7500996 (P = 0.0067) and CD36 rs1527479 (P = 0.0018) were significant predictors of skin carotenoid concentrations in a combined SNP model.
These novel associations between SNPs and skin carotenoid concentrations expand on the understanding of how genetic variation affects interindividual variation in skin carotenoid phenotypes in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202043.
类胡萝卜素是具有生物学功能的脂溶性植物化学物质，包括皮肤的紫外线防护功能。光谱皮肤类胡萝卜素测量也可以作为类胡萝卜素消耗的非侵入性生物标志物。代谢基因中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与人类血浆类胡萝卜素浓度相关；然而，它们与皮肤类胡萝卜素浓度的关系尚不清楚。
本研究旨在确定 13 个候选 SNP 与富含类胡萝卜素的番茄汁干预前后皮肤和血浆类胡萝卜素浓度之间的关系。
在这项随机对照试验中，参与者（n=80）接受了富含番茄红素的蔬菜汁，提供了低（13.1mg）、中（23.9mg）和高（31.0mg）三种不同剂量的每日总类胡萝卜素剂量，持续 8 周。通过高压液相色谱法测量血浆类胡萝卜素浓度，基线和研究结束时通过反射光谱法（Veggie Meter）评估皮肤类胡萝卜素评分。使用基于 PCR 的测定法从血液中对 5 个基因（BCO1、CD36、SCARB1、SETD7 和 ABCA1）中的 13 个候选 SNP 进行基因分型。混合模型测试了干预、研究时间点、干预和研究时间点之间的相互作用以及 SNP 基因型对整个研究过程中皮肤和血浆类胡萝卜素的影响。所有模型均将基线类胡萝卜素摄入量、体重指数、性别和年龄作为协变量。
当评估基线和干预的最后一周时，CD36 rs1527479（P=0.0490）的基因型与皮肤类胡萝卜素浓度显著相关。BCO1 rs7500996（P=0.0067）和 CD36 rs1527479（P=0.0018）的基因型是皮肤类胡萝卜素浓度的综合 SNP 模型的显著预测因子。
这些 SNP 与皮肤类胡萝卜素浓度之间的新关联扩展了遗传变异如何影响人类皮肤类胡萝卜素表型个体间变异的理解。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT03202043。
