Department of Medical Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
Clinical Teaching and Research Center, School of Nursing, Weinan vocational and technical college, Weinan, China.
J Cell Mol Med. 2024 May;28(10):e18390. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.18390.
T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity to regulate proper immune response and immune homeostasis. T cell development occurs in the thymus and mainly differentiates into CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets. Upon stimulation, naive T cells differentiate into distinct CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells, which mediate immunity homeostasis and defend against pathogens or tumours. Trace elements are minimal yet essential components of human body that cannot be overlooked, and they participate in enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, antioxidant defence, hormone production, etc. Moreover, trace elements are particularly involved in immune regulations. Here, we have summarized the roles of eight essential trace elements (iron, zinc, selenium, copper, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt) in T cell development, activation and differentiation, and immune response, which provides significant insights into developing novel approaches to modulate immunoregulation and immunotherapy.
T 细胞对于适应性免疫至关重要，可调节适当的免疫反应和免疫稳态。T 细胞发育发生在胸腺中，主要分化为 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞亚群。在刺激下，幼稚 T 细胞分化为不同的 CD4 辅助性 T 细胞和 CD8 细胞毒性 T 细胞，介导免疫稳态并抵御病原体或肿瘤。微量元素是人体中必不可少的微量成分，不容忽视，它们参与酶的激活、DNA 合成、抗氧化防御、激素生成等。此外，微量元素特别参与免疫调节。在这里，我们总结了八种必需微量元素（铁、锌、硒、铜、碘、铬、钼、钴）在 T 细胞发育、激活和分化以及免疫反应中的作用，为开发调节免疫调节和免疫治疗的新方法提供了重要的见解。
