Science Editor, Medical Science Monitor, International Scientific Information, Inc., Melville, NY, USA.
Med Sci Monit. 2024 Jun 1;30:e945315. doi: 10.12659/MSM.945315.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtypes have been increasingly identified in poultry and wild birds since 2021. Between 2020-2023, 26 countries have reported that the H5N1 virus had infected more than 48 mammalian species. On 1 April 2024, a public health alert was issued in Texas when the first confirmed case of human infection with the H5N1 influenza virus was reported in a dairy worker. Cases of H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b in dairy cows have been reported in several states in the US but were unexpected, even though H5N1 was previously identified in mammalian species, including cats, dogs, bears, foxes, tigers, coyotes, goats, and seals. On 29 April 2024, almost one month after the first reported cases of H5N1 infection in dairy cows, measures were to be implemented by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to prevent the progression of H5N1 viral transmission. This editorial summarizes what is currently known about the epidemiology, transmission, and surveillance of the HPAI virus of the H5N1 subtype in birds, mammals, and dairy cows, and why there are concerns regarding transmission to humans.
自 2021 年以来，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）病毒亚型在禽类和野生鸟类中的检出率不断增加。在 2020 年至 2023 年期间，有 26 个国家报告称，H5N1 病毒已感染了超过 48 种哺乳动物。2024 年 4 月 1 日，美国德克萨斯州发布公共卫生警报，报告了首例人类感染 H5N1 流感病毒的确诊病例，该病例出现在一名奶制品工人身上。在美国的几个州已经报告了几例奶牛感染 H5N1、2.3.4.4b 分支的病例，但这是出乎意料的，尽管此前已在包括猫、狗、熊、狐狸、老虎、郊狼、山羊和海豹在内的哺乳动物中发现了 H5N1。2024 年 4 月 29 日，在首例奶牛感染 H5N1 的报告出现近一个月后，美国农业部（USDA）将采取措施，防止 H5N1 病毒传播的进一步发展。本社论总结了目前已知的关于 H5N1 亚型高致病性禽流感病毒在鸟类、哺乳动物和奶牛中的流行病学、传播和监测情况，以及为什么人们对其向人类传播感到担忧。
