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高致病性禽流感 H5N1 病毒向奶牛的溢出。

Spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus to dairy cattle.

机构信息

Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Canyon, TX, USA.

出版信息

Nature. 2024 Oct;634(8034):669-676. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07849-4. Epub 2024 Jul 25.

DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-07849-4
PMID:39053575
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11485258/
Abstract

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus clade 2.3.4.4b has caused the death of millions of domestic birds and thousands of wild birds in the USA since January 2022 (refs. ). Throughout this outbreak, spillovers to mammals have been frequently documented. Here we report spillover of the HPAI H5N1 virus to dairy cattle across several states in the USA. The affected cows displayed clinical signs encompassing decreased feed intake, altered faecal consistency, respiratory distress and decreased milk production with abnormal milk. Infectious virus and viral RNA were consistently detected in milk from affected cows. Viral distribution in tissues via immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed a distinct tropism of the virus for the epithelial cells lining the alveoli of the mammary gland in cows. Whole viral genome sequences recovered from dairy cows, birds, domestic cats and a raccoon from affected farms indicated multidirectional interspecies transmissions. Epidemiological and genomic data revealed efficient cow-to-cow transmission after apparently healthy cows from an affected farm were transported to a premise in a different state. These results demonstrate the transmission of the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus at a non-traditional interface, underscoring the ability of the virus to cross species barriers.

摘要

自 2022 年 1 月以来，高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1 病毒 2.3.4.4b 分支在美国已导致数百万家禽和数千只野生鸟类死亡（参考文献）。在此次疫情期间，经常有哺乳动物感染的情况记录。在这里，我们报告了 HPAI H5N1 病毒在美国多个州向奶牛的溢出。受感染的奶牛表现出包括采食量减少、粪便稠度改变、呼吸困难和产奶量下降以及异常产奶在内的临床症状。受感染奶牛的牛奶中始终检测到传染性病毒和病毒 RNA。通过免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术在组织中进行病毒分布显示，病毒对奶牛乳腺肺泡上皮细胞具有明显的倾向性。从受影响农场的奶牛、鸟类、家猫和浣熊中回收的全病毒基因组序列表明存在多方向的种间传播。流行病学和基因组数据显示，在来自受影响农场的看似健康的奶牛被运往另一个州的场所后，发生了有效的奶牛间传播。这些结果表明，HPAI H5N1 2.3.4.4b 病毒在非传统界面传播，突出了该病毒跨越物种屏障的能力。

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