Desbiens Louis-Charles, Bargman Joanne M, Chan Christopher T, Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire
Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Canada.
Clin Kidney J. 2024 Jun 5;17(Suppl 1):i21-i33. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfae079. eCollection 2024 May.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD) are the two home dialysis modalities offered to patients. They promote patient autonomy, enhance independence, and are generally associated with better quality of life compared to facility hemodialysis. PD offers some advantages (enhanced flexibility, ability to travel, preservation of residual kidney function, and vascular access sites) but few patients remain on PD indefinitely due to peritonitis and other complications. By contrast, HHD incurs longer and more intensive training combined with increased upfront health costs compared to PD, but is easier to sustain in the long term. As a result, the integrated home dialysis model was proposed to combine the advantages of both home-based dialysis modalities. In this paradigm, patients are encouraged to initiate dialysis on PD and transfer to HHD after PD termination. Available evidence demonstrates the feasibility and safety of this approach and some observational studies have shown that patients who undergo the PD-to-HHD transition have clinical outcomes comparable to patients who initiate dialysis directly on HHD. Nevertheless, the prevalence of PD-to-HHD transfers remains low, reflecting the multiple barriers that prevent the full uptake of home-to-home transitions, notably a lack of awareness about the model, home-care "burnout," clinical inertia after a transfer to facility HD, suboptimal integration of PD and HHD centers, and insufficient funding for home dialysis programs. In this review, we will examine the conceptual advantages and disadvantages of integrated home dialysis, present the evidence that underlies it, identify challenges that prevent its success and finally, propose solutions to increase its adoption.
腹膜透析(PD)和家庭血液透析(HHD)是提供给患者的两种家庭透析方式。与机构血液透析相比,它们促进患者自主性,增强独立性,并且通常与更好的生活质量相关。PD具有一些优势(更高的灵活性、出行能力、残余肾功能的保留以及血管通路部位),但由于腹膜炎和其他并发症,很少有患者能无限期地进行PD治疗。相比之下,与PD相比,HHD需要更长时间和更密集的培训,同时前期医疗成本增加,但从长期来看更容易维持。因此,提出了综合家庭透析模式,以结合两种家庭透析方式的优势。在这种模式下,鼓励患者开始进行PD治疗,并在PD治疗结束后转为HHD治疗。现有证据证明了这种方法的可行性和安全性,一些观察性研究表明,从PD转为HHD的患者的临床结局与直接开始进行HHD治疗的患者相当。然而,从PD转为HHD的比例仍然很低,这反映了阻碍家庭间转换全面实施的多重障碍,特别是对该模式缺乏认识、家庭护理“倦怠”、转为机构血液透析后的临床惰性、PD和HHD中心整合欠佳以及家庭透析项目资金不足。在本综述中,我们将探讨综合家庭透析的概念性优缺点,展示其背后的证据,识别阻碍其成功的挑战,最后提出提高其采用率的解决方案。