Bindhani Sabitri, Nayak Amit Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2025;22(6):746-760. doi: 10.2174/0115672018313783240603114509.
Different nanocarriers-based strategies are now extensively being used as an important strategy for improving drug efficacy and responsiveness, reducing toxicity issues related to drugs and harmful side effects, and overcoming the numerous significant difficulties related to absorption and bioavailability. Amongst different nanocarriers, nanovesicles are excellent and versatile systems for effectively delivering therapeutic agents, targeting ligand distribution and location. Nanovesicles are nanosized self-assembling spherical capsules with an aqueous core and one/- more lipid(s) layers. Several synthetic nanovesicles have been developed and investigated for their prospective uses in delivering drugs, proteins, peptides, nutrients, etc. Important procedures for nanovesicle manufacturing are thin-film hydration, unshaken method, ethanol injection, ether injection, proliposomes, freeze-drying, hot method, cold method, reverse-phase evaporation, and ultrasonication. Liposomes, liposomes, ethosomes, exosomes, and transferosomes (elastic vesicles) are the nonvesicular candidates extensively investigated to deliver antiviral drugs. This review article comprehensively overview different nanovesicles, their compositions, manufacturing, and applications as potential carriers for effectively delivering different antiviral drugs to treat viral diseases.
目前，基于不同纳米载体的策略正被广泛用作一种重要策略，以提高药物疗效和反应性，减少与药物相关的毒性问题和有害副作用，并克服与吸收和生物利用度相关的众多重大困难。在不同的纳米载体中，纳米囊泡是用于有效递送治疗剂、靶向配体分布和定位的出色且通用的系统。纳米囊泡是具有水相核心和一层或多层脂质层的纳米尺寸自组装球形胶囊。已经开发并研究了几种合成纳米囊泡在递送药物、蛋白质、肽、营养物质等方面的潜在用途。纳米囊泡制造的重要方法有薄膜水化法、非振荡法、乙醇注入法、乙醚注入法、前体脂质体法、冷冻干燥法、热法、冷法、反相蒸发法和超声法。脂质体、泡囊、醇质体、外泌体和传递体（弹性囊泡）是广泛研究的用于递送抗病毒药物的非囊泡类候选物。这篇综述文章全面概述了不同的纳米囊泡、它们的组成、制造方法以及作为有效递送不同抗病毒药物以治疗病毒性疾病的潜在载体的应用。
