Craddock Joel C, Wakefield Amelia, Peoples Gregory E, Goldman David M, Larkin Theresa A
School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AUS.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN.
Cureus. 2024 May 9;16(5):e59972. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59972. eCollection 2024 May.
Resistance exercise training (RET) can increase muscle mass and strength, and this adaptation is optimized when dietary protein is consumed to enhance muscle protein synthesis. Dairy milk has been endorsed for this purpose; however, allergy and lactose intolerance affect two-thirds of the global population making dairy milk unsuitable for many. Plant-based alternatives such as soy milk have gained popularity and exhibit comparable protein content. However, concerns regarding soy phytoestrogens potentially influencing circulating sex hormones and diminishing the anabolic response to RET have been raised. This study therefore aimed to assess the acute effects of dairy and soy milk consumption on circulating sex hormones (total, free testosterone, free testosterone percentage, total estrogen, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin) after RET.
Six male participants were recruited for a double-blinded, randomized crossover study with either dairy or soy milk provided post RET. Venous samples were collected before and after milk consumption across seven timepoints (0-120 minutes) where circulating sex hormones were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA analyses were applied for repeated measures for each hormone. The area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated between dairy and soy milk. Significance was set at p<0.05.
No significant differences were observed in acute circulating serum for free (p=0.95), % free (p=0.56), and total testosterone (p=0.88), progesterone (p=0.67), or estrogen (p=0.21) between milk conditions. Likewise, no significant differences in AUC were observed between any hormones.
These findings suggest that consumption of dairy milk and soy milk have comparable acute effects on circulating sex hormones following RET. Further investigations with expanded sample sizes are needed to strengthen and broaden these initial findings.
抗阻运动训练（RET）可增加肌肉量和力量，当摄入膳食蛋白质以增强肌肉蛋白质合成时，这种适应性变化会得到优化。为此，牛奶已得到认可；然而，过敏和乳糖不耐受影响着全球三分之二的人口，这使得牛奶不适用于许多人。植物性替代品，如豆奶，已受到欢迎且蛋白质含量相当。然而，有人担心大豆植物雌激素可能会影响循环性激素，并降低对RET的合成代谢反应。因此，本研究旨在评估RET后饮用牛奶和豆奶对循环性激素（总睾酮、游离睾酮、游离睾酮百分比、总雌激素、孕酮和性激素结合球蛋白）的急性影响。
招募了六名男性参与者进行一项双盲、随机交叉研究，RET后提供牛奶或豆奶。在饮用牛奶前后的七个时间点（0 - 120分钟）采集静脉血样，分析循环性激素。对每种激素的重复测量应用双向方差分析。还计算了牛奶和豆奶之间的曲线下面积（AUC）。显著性设定为p<0.05。
在不同牛奶条件下，游离（p = 0.95）、游离百分比（p = 0.56）、总睾酮（p = 0.88）、孕酮（p = 0.67）或雌激素（p = 0.21）的急性循环血清中未观察到显著差异。同样，在任何激素之间的AUC也未观察到显著差异。
这些发现表明，RET后饮用牛奶和豆奶对循环性激素具有相似的急性影响。需要进一步扩大样本量进行研究，以加强和拓展这些初步发现。
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