Sumaye Robert D, Lwetoijera Dickson W, Madumla Edith P, Okumu Fredros O
Biomedical and Environmental Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.
Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Malariaworld J. 2012 Feb 13;3:1. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10975150. eCollection 2012.
Outdoor devices for luring and killing disease-transmitting mosquitoes have been proposed as potential complementary interventions alongside existing intra-domiciliary methods namely insecticide treated nets and house spraying with residual insecticides. To enhance effectiveness of such outdoor interventions, it is essential to optimally locate them in such a way that they target most of the outdoor mosquitoes.
Using odour-baited lure and kill stations (OBS) as an example, we describe a map model derived from: 1) community participatory mapping conducted to identify mosquito breeding habitats, 2) entomological field studies conducted to estimate outdoor mosquito densities and to determine safe distances of the OBS from human dwellings, and 3) field surveys conducted to map households, roads, outdoor human aggregations and landmarks. The resulting data were combined in a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment and analysed to determine optimal locations for the OBS. Separately, a GIS-interpolated map produced by asking community members to rank different zones of the study area and show where they expected to find most mosquitoes, was visually compared to another map interpolated from the entomological survey of outdoor mosquito densities.
An easy-to-interpret suitability map showing optimal sites for placing OBS was produced, which clearly depicted areas least suitable and areas most suitable for locating the devices. Comparative visual interpretation of maps derived from interpolating the community knowledge and entomological data revealed major similarities between the two maps.
Using distribution patterns of human and mosquito populations as well as characteristics of candidate outdoor interventions, it is possible to readily determine suitable areas for targeted positioning of the interventions, thus improve effectiveness. This study also highlights possibilities of relying on community knowledge to approximate areas where mosquitoes are most abundant and where to locate outdoor complementary interventions such as odour-baited lure and kill stations for controlling disease-transmitting mosquitoes.
除了现有的室内防蚊方法，即使用杀虫剂处理过的蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒杀虫剂外，诱捕和杀灭传播疾病蚊子的户外装置已被提议作为潜在的补充干预措施。为提高此类户外干预措施的有效性，以最佳方式定位这些装置至关重要，这样它们才能针对大多数户外蚊子。
以气味诱捕杀灭站（OBS）为例，我们描述了一种地图模型，该模型源自：1）为确定蚊子繁殖栖息地而进行的社区参与式绘图；2）为估计户外蚊子密度以及确定OBS与人类住所的安全距离而开展的昆虫学实地研究；3）为绘制家庭、道路、户外人群聚集点和地标而进行的实地调查。将所得数据在地理信息系统（GIS）环境中进行整合并分析，以确定OBS的最佳位置。另外，通过让社区成员对研究区域的不同区域进行排名并指出他们预计会发现最多蚊子的位置而生成的GIS插值地图，与根据户外蚊子密度昆虫学调查插值得到的另一张地图进行了直观比较。
生成了一张易于解读的适宜性地图，显示了放置OBS的最佳地点，清晰描绘了最不适宜和最适宜放置这些装置的区域。对根据社区知识和昆虫学数据插值得到的地图进行的比较直观解读显示，两张地图有主要相似之处。
利用人类和蚊子种群的分布模式以及候选户外干预措施的特征，可以轻松确定干预措施的目标定位适宜区域，从而提高有效性。本研究还突出了依靠社区知识来估算蚊子数量最多的区域以及确定户外补充干预措施（如气味诱捕杀灭站）的放置地点以控制传播疾病蚊子的可能性。
