Lin Shanhong, Zhu Ning, Zhu Yujing, Mao Haiping, Zhang Shengmin
Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 28;11:1405539. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1405539. eCollection 2024.
Previous research has indicated the potential involvement of the microbiota in smoking-related processes. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between dietary live microbes, as well as probiotic or prebiotic consumption, and serum cotinine levels.
This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Dietary intake information and probiotic/prebiotic intake data was collected through self-reported questionnaires. Participants were stratified into low, medium, and high intake groups according to their consumption of foods with varying microbial content. Multiple linear models were applied to explore the relationships of dietary live microbes, probiotic or prebiotic use with the serum cotinine level.
A total of 42,000 eligible participants were included in the final analysis. The weighted median serum cotinine level was 0.05 (0.01, 10.90) ng/ml. Participants with low, medium, and high dietary microbe intake represented 35.4, 43.6, and 21.0% of the cohort, respectively. Furthermore, participants were stratified into three groups based on their overall consumption of foods with variable microbe contents. The association between dietary live microbe intake and serum cotinine levels remained robust across all models, with medium intake as the reference (Model 2: β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.07; High: β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.22). Moreover, both prebiotic and probiotic use exhibited an inverse relationship with serum cotinine levels (Prebiotic: β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.01; Probiotic: β = -0.47, 95% CI: -0.64, -0.30). Subgroup analyses revealed no discernible interactions between dietary live microbe, prebiotic, probiotic use, and serum cotinine levels.
Our findings suggest a negative correlation between dietary live microbe intake, as well as non-dietary prebiotic/probiotic consumption, and serum cotinine levels.
先前的研究表明微生物群可能参与与吸烟相关的过程。本研究旨在探讨膳食活菌、益生菌或益生元的摄入与血清可替宁水平之间的关系。
本研究使用了1999 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据。通过自我报告问卷收集膳食摄入信息和益生菌/益生元摄入数据。参与者根据其对微生物含量不同的食物的摄入量被分为低、中、高摄入组。应用多元线性模型来探讨膳食活菌、益生菌或益生元的使用与血清可替宁水平之间的关系。
最终分析共纳入42,000名符合条件的参与者。加权血清可替宁水平中位数为0.05（0.01，10.90）ng/ml。膳食微生物低、中、高摄入量的参与者分别占队列的35.4%、43.6%和21.0%。此外，参与者根据其对微生物含量不同的食物的总体摄入量被分为三组。在所有模型中，膳食活菌摄入量与血清可替宁水平之间的关联仍然显著，以中等摄入量为参照（模型2：β = -0.14，95%置信区间：-0.20，-0.07；高摄入量：β = -0.31，95%置信区间：-0.39，-0.22）。此外，益生元和益生菌的使用均与血清可替宁水平呈负相关（益生元：β = -0.19，95%置信区间：-0.37，-0.01；益生菌：β = -0.47，95%置信区间：-0.64，-0.30）。亚组分析显示膳食活菌、益生元、益生菌的使用与血清可替宁水平之间没有明显的相互作用。
我们的研究结果表明膳食活菌摄入量以及非膳食益生元/益生菌的摄入与血清可替宁水平之间存在负相关。
