Zampolli Jessica, De Giani Alessandra, Rossi Massimiliano, Finazzi Margherita, Di Gennaro Patrizia
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Front Microbiol. 2024 May 28;15:1380953. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1380953. eCollection 2024.
Modern lifestyle greatly influences human well-being. Indeed, nowadays people are centered in the cities and this trend is growing with the ever-increasing population. The main habitat for modern humans is defined as the built environment (BE). The modulation of life quality in the BE is primarily mediated by a biodiversity of microbes. They derive from different sources, such as soil, water, air, pets, and humans. Humans are the main source and vector of bacterial diversity in the BE leaving a characteristic microbial fingerprint on the surfaces and spaces. This review, focusing on articles published from the early 2000s, delves into bacterial populations present in indoor and outdoor urban environments, exploring the characteristics of primary bacterial niches in the BE and their native habitats. It elucidates bacterial interconnections within this context and among themselves, shedding light on pathways for adaptation and survival across diverse environmental conditions. Given the limitations of culture-based methods, emphasis is placed on culture-independent approaches, particularly high-throughput techniques to elucidate the genetic and features of BE bacteria. By elucidating these microbiota profiles, the review aims to contribute to understanding the implications for human health and the assessment of urban environmental quality in modern cities.
现代生活方式对人类福祉有很大影响。事实上，如今人们都集中在城市，而且随着人口的不断增加，这一趋势还在加剧。现代人类的主要栖息地被定义为建筑环境（BE）。建筑环境中生活质量的调节主要由微生物的生物多样性介导。它们来自不同的来源，如土壤、水、空气、宠物和人类。人类是建筑环境中细菌多样性的主要来源和载体，在表面和空间留下独特的微生物指纹。本综述聚焦于21世纪初以来发表的文章，深入探讨城市室内和室外环境中存在的细菌种群，探索建筑环境中主要细菌生态位及其原生栖息地的特征。它阐明了在此背景下细菌之间以及它们自身之间的相互联系，揭示了在不同环境条件下的适应和生存途径。鉴于基于培养方法的局限性，重点放在非培养方法上，特别是高通量技术，以阐明建筑环境细菌的遗传和特征。通过阐明这些微生物群概况，本综述旨在有助于理解对人类健康的影响以及现代城市中城市环境质量的评估。
