National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2832:183-203. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_13.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule that has been known to influence several cellular processes such as plant growth, development, and stress responses. NO together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in signaling process. Due to extremely low half-life of these radicals in cellular environment, it is often difficult to precisely monitor them. Each method has some advantages and disadvantages; hence, it is important to measure using multiple methods. To interpret the role of each signaling molecule in numerous biological processes, sensitive and focused methods must be used. In addition to this complexity, these Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NO react with each other leads to nitro-oxidative stress in plants. Using tomato as a model system here, we demonstrate stepwise protocols for measurement of NO by chemiluminescence, DAF fluorescence, nitrosative stress by western blot, and ROS measurement by NBT and DAB under stress conditions such as osmotic stress and Botrytis infection. While describing methods, we also emphasized on benefits, drawbacks, and broader applications of these methods.
一氧化氮(NO)是一种自由基分子,已知它会影响植物的生长、发育和应激反应等多种细胞过程。NO 与活性氧(ROS)一起在信号转导过程中发挥作用。由于这些自由基在细胞环境中的半衰期极短,因此通常很难精确监测它们。每种方法都有其优点和缺点;因此,使用多种方法进行测量很重要。为了在众多生物过程中解释每种信号分子的作用,必须使用敏感和有针对性的方法。除了这种复杂性之外,这些活性氧(ROS)和 NO 相互反应会导致植物的硝基氧化应激。在这里,我们使用番茄作为模型系统,展示了在渗透胁迫和 Botrytis 感染等胁迫条件下通过化学发光、DAF 荧光、western blot 测量亚硝酰化应激以及通过 NBT 和 DAB 测量 ROS 来测量 NO 的逐步方案。在描述方法的同时,我们还强调了这些方法的优势、缺点和更广泛的应用。
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