Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) University of Bourgogne/Inserm, Dijon, France.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 14;19(6):e0304021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304021. eCollection 2024.
Milk thistle seed oil is still not a well-known edible oil. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), is present in several countries and is the only known representative of the genus Silybum. However, Silybum eburneum, which is an endemic plant in Spain, Kenya, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, is considered a marginalized species. The present work is the first report that gives information on the lipid and phenolic profiles of Tunisian S. eburneum seed oil compared to those of Tunisian S. marianum seed oil. In addition, the antioxidant properties of these oils were determined with DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays, and their ability to prevent oxidative stress was determined on human monocytic THP-1 cells. These oils are characterized by high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids; linoleic acid and oleic acid are the most abundant. Campesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and β-amyrin were the major phytosterols identified. α-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol found. These oils also contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds. The diversity and richness of Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils in unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols are associated with high antioxidant activities revealed by the DPPH, FRAP, and KRL assays. In addition, on THP-1 cells, these oils powerfully reduced the oxidative stress induced by 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, two strongly pro-oxidant oxysterols often present at increased levels in patients with age-related diseases. Silybum marianum and Silybum eburneum seed oils are therefore important sources of bioactive molecules with nutritional interest that prevent age-related diseases, the frequency of which is increasing in all countries due to the length of life expectancy.
水飞蓟籽油尚未广为人知。水飞蓟（水飞蓟）存在于几个国家，是唯一已知的水飞蓟属代表。然而，在西班牙、肯尼亚、摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚和突尼斯特有的水飞蓟（Silybum eburneum）被认为是一个边缘化的物种。本研究首次报道了与来自突尼斯的水飞蓟籽油相比，突尼斯水飞蓟籽油的脂质和酚类组成。此外，还通过 DPPH、FRAP 和 KRL 测定法测定了这些油的抗氧化特性，并在人单核细胞 THP-1 细胞上测定了它们预防氧化应激的能力。这些油的特点是含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸；亚油酸和油酸是最丰富的。鉴定出的主要植物甾醇有谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和β-香树脂醇。α-生育酚是发现的主要生育酚。这些油还含有大量的酚类化合物。水飞蓟和水飞蓟籽油中不饱和脂肪酸、酚类化合物和生育酚的多样性和丰富性与 DPPH、FRAP 和 KRL 测定法揭示的高抗氧化活性有关。此外，在 THP-1 细胞上，这些油可强力减少 7-酮胆固醇和 7β-羟基胆固醇诱导的氧化应激，这两种强促氧化剂氧化固醇通常在与年龄相关的疾病患者中水平升高。因此，水飞蓟和水飞蓟籽油是具有营养兴趣的生物活性分子的重要来源，可预防与年龄相关的疾病，由于预期寿命的延长，所有国家此类疾病的发病率都在增加。
