Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Aug;24(8):e522-e531. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00234-2. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Avian influenza virus continues to pose zoonotic, epizootic, and pandemic threats worldwide, as exemplified by the 2020-23 epizootics of re-emerging H5 genotype avian influenza viruses among birds and mammals and the fatal jump to humans of emerging A(H3N8) in early 2023. Future influenza pandemic threats are driven by extensive mutations and reassortments of avian influenza viruses rooted in frequent interspecies transmission and genetic mixing and underscore the urgent need for more effective actions. We examine the changing global epidemiology of human infections caused by avian influenza viruses over the past decade, including dramatic increases in both the number of reported infections in humans and the spectrum of avian influenza virus subtypes that have jumped to humans. We also discuss the use of advanced surveillance, diagnostic technologies, and state-of-the-art analysis methods for tracking emerging avian influenza viruses. We outline an avian influenza virus-specific application of the One Health approach, integrating enhanced surveillance, tightened biosecurity, targeted vaccination, timely precautions, and timely clinical management, and fostering global collaboration to control the threats of avian influenza viruses.
禽流感病毒继续在全球范围内构成人畜共患病、动物传染病和大流行的威胁，例如 2020-2023 年在鸟类和哺乳动物中重新出现的 H5 基因型禽流感病毒的动物传染病，以及 2023 年初新兴的 A(H3N8)向人类的致命跳跃。未来流感大流行的威胁是由广泛的禽流感病毒突变和重配引起的，这些病毒源于频繁的种间传播和基因混合，突显了采取更有效行动的迫切需要。我们研究了过去十年中人类感染禽流感病毒的全球流行病学变化，包括报告的人类感染病例数量和已跳跃到人类的禽流感病毒亚型谱都显著增加。我们还讨论了使用先进的监测、诊断技术和最先进的分析方法来跟踪新兴的禽流感病毒。我们概述了一种特定的禽流感病毒的“同一健康”方法的应用，该方法整合了强化监测、加强生物安全、有针对性的疫苗接种、及时的预防措施和及时的临床管理，并促进全球合作以控制禽流感病毒的威胁。
