Muterko Alexandr, Kiseleva Antonina, Salina Elena
Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 10 Akad. Lavrentyeva Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2024 May 30;13(11):1514. doi: 10.3390/plants13111514.
Over the years, alien chromosome substitution has attracted the attention of geneticists and breeders as a rich source of remarkable genetic diversity for improvement in narrowly adapted wheat cultivars. One of the problems encountered along this way is the coadaptation and realization of the genome of common wheat against the background of the introduced genes. Here, using RNA-Seq, we assessed a transcriptome response of hexaploid wheat L. (cultivar Chinese Spring) to a 5B chromosome substitution with its homolog from wild emmer (tetraploid wheat Koern) and discuss how complete the physiological compensation for this alien chromatin introgression is. The main signature of the transcriptome in the substituted line was a sharp significant drop of activity before the beginning of the photoperiod with a gradual increase up to overexpression in the middle of the night. The differential expression altered almost all biological processes and pathways tested. Because in most cases, the differential expression or its fold change were modest, and this was only a small proportion of the expressed transcriptome, the physiological compensation of the 5B chromosome substitution in common wheat seemed overall satisfactory, albeit not completely. No over- or under-representation of differential gene expression was found in specific chromosomes, implying that local structural changes in the genome can trigger a global transcriptome response.
多年来，异源染色体代换作为改良适应性狭窄的小麦品种的丰富遗传多样性来源，吸引了遗传学家和育种家的关注。在此过程中遇到的问题之一是普通小麦基因组在导入基因背景下的共适应和实现。在这里，我们使用RNA测序技术评估了六倍体小麦（品种中国春）用其来自野生二粒小麦（四倍体小麦）的同源5B染色体进行代换后的转录组反应，并讨论了这种外源染色质渗入的生理补偿有多完全。代换系中转录组的主要特征是在光周期开始前活性急剧显著下降，在午夜逐渐增加至过表达。差异表达几乎改变了所有测试的生物过程和途径。因为在大多数情况下，差异表达或其倍数变化不大，且这只是表达转录组的一小部分，所以普通小麦中5B染色体代换的生理补偿总体上似乎是令人满意的，尽管并不完全。在特定染色体中未发现差异基因表达的过度或不足表征，这意味着基因组中的局部结构变化可以引发全局转录组反应。
