Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico.
Institute of Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 May 23;25(11):5675. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115675.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer (BC) is the deadliest and the most common type of cancer worldwide in women. Several factors associated with BC exert their effects by modulating the state of stress. They can induce genetic mutations or alterations in cell growth, encouraging neoplastic development and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are able to activate many signal transduction pathways, producing an inflammatory environment that leads to the suppression of programmed cell death and the promotion of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis; these effects promote the development and progression of malignant neoplasms. However, cells have both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems that protect them by neutralizing the harmful effects of ROS. In this sense, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and peroxiredoxin (Prx) protect the body from diseases caused by oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms through which some enzymatic antioxidants inhibit or promote carcinogenesis, as well as the new therapeutic proposals developed to complement traditional treatments.
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，乳腺癌（BC）是全球女性中最致命和最常见的癌症类型。一些与乳腺癌相关的因素通过调节应激状态发挥作用。它们可以诱导基因突变或细胞生长的改变，促进肿瘤的发展和活性氧（ROS）的产生。ROS 能够激活许多信号转导途径，产生炎症环境，导致程序性细胞死亡的抑制和肿瘤增殖、血管生成和转移的促进；这些作用促进了恶性肿瘤的发展和进展。然而，细胞有非酶和酶抗氧化系统，通过中和 ROS 的有害影响来保护它们。在这种意义上，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、硫氧还蛋白还原酶（TrxR）和过氧化物酶（Prx）等抗氧化酶可以保护身体免受氧化损伤引起的疾病。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些酶抗氧化剂抑制或促进致癌作用的机制，以及为补充传统治疗方法而开发的新的治疗建议。
