Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, México City 11000, Mexico.
Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 11340, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2024 May 26;16(11):1632. doi: 10.3390/nu16111632.
Gestational weight gain below or above the Institute of Medicine recommendations has been associated with adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Very few studies have evaluated the association between serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and gestational weight gain in adolescents. Additionally, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with impaired immunity, prolonged labor, preterm and post-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the association between serum concentrations of zinc, serum folate, and red blood cell folate, with the increase in gestational weight and the weight and length of the newborn in a group of adolescent mothers from Mexico City.
In our study, 406 adolescent-neonate dyads participated. The adolescents' median age was 15.8 years old. The predominant socioeconomic level was middle-low (57.8%), single (57%), 89.9% were engaged in home activities, and 41.3% completed secondary education. Excessive gestational weight gain was observed in 36.7% of cases, while insufficient gestational weight gain was noted in 38.4%. Small for gestational age infants were observed in 20.9% of the sample. Low serum folate (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3), decreased red blood cell folate (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6), and reduced serum zinc concentrations (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.2) were associated with insufficient gestational weight gain. Decreased serum zinc levels (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.4) were linked to an increased probability of delivering a baby who is small for their gestational age.
Low serum folate, red blood cell folate, and serum zinc concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and having a small gestational age baby. Both excessive and insufficient gestational weight gain, as well as having a small gestational age baby, are frequent among adolescent mothers.
低于或高于医学研究所建议的妊娠期体重增加与围产期和新生儿不良结局有关。很少有研究评估血清和红细胞叶酸浓度与青少年妊娠期体重增加之间的关系。此外，妊娠期间缺锌与免疫受损、产程延长、早产和过期产、宫内生长受限、低出生体重和妊娠高血压有关。
我们研究的目的是评估墨西哥城一组青少年母亲的血清锌浓度、血清叶酸和红细胞叶酸与妊娠期体重增加以及新生儿体重和长度之间的关系。
在我们的研究中，有 406 对青少年-新生儿对子参与。青少年的中位年龄为 15.8 岁。主要社会经济水平为中低水平（57.8%），单身（57%），89.9%从事家庭活动，41.3%完成中学教育。36.7%的孕妇存在过度妊娠期体重增加，38.4%的孕妇存在妊娠期体重不足。样本中 20.9%的婴儿为小于胎龄儿。低血清叶酸（OR 2.1，95%CI 1.3-3.3）、红细胞叶酸减少（OR 1.6，95%CI 1.0-2.6）和血清锌浓度降低（OR 3.3，95%CI 2.1-5.2）与妊娠期体重不足有关。血清锌水平降低（OR 1.2，95%CI 1.2-3.4）与婴儿出生时为小于胎龄儿的可能性增加有关。
低血清叶酸、红细胞叶酸和血清锌浓度与妊娠期体重增加和婴儿出生时为小于胎龄儿有关。青少年母亲中，妊娠期体重增加过多或过少以及婴儿出生时为小于胎龄儿的情况都很常见。
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