Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, 10 Center Drive MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Jun 1;16(11):1738. doi: 10.3390/nu16111738.
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are foods that are industrially processed and are often pre-packaged, convenient, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor. UPFs are widespread in the current Western diet and their proposed contribution to non-communicable diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease is supported by numerous studies. UPFs are hypothesized to affect the body in multiple ways, including by inducing changes in the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the available research on the effect of UPFs on the gut microbiome. We also review current usage of the NOVA food classification system in randomized controlled trials and observational studies and how its implementation effects UPF research. Despite some differences in methodology between studies, results often associate UPF consumption with a number of negative health consequences. There are attempts to standardize a UPF classification system; however, reaching and implementing a consensus is difficult. Future studies focusing on the mechanisms by which UPFs effect the body, including through the microbiome and metabolome, will be essential to refine our understanding of the effects of UPFs on human health.
超加工食品（UPFs）是指经过工业化加工且通常预包装的食品，具有方便、能量密集但营养贫乏的特点。在当前的西方饮食中，超加工食品非常普遍，大量研究表明它们可能导致肥胖和心血管疾病等非传染性疾病。超加工食品被认为通过多种方式影响人体，包括诱导肠道微生物组的变化。本综述总结了目前关于超加工食品对肠道微生物组影响的研究。我们还回顾了 NOVA 食品分类系统在随机对照试验和观察性研究中的当前使用情况，以及其实施如何影响超加工食品研究。尽管研究之间的方法学存在一些差异，但结果通常将超加工食品的消费与许多负面健康后果联系起来。目前正在努力使超加工食品分类系统标准化，但达成和实施共识很困难。未来的研究集中在超加工食品影响人体的机制上，包括通过微生物组和代谢组，这对于完善我们对超加工食品对人类健康影响的理解至关重要。
