心血管疾病高风险的老年地中海成年人中，超加工食品消费、粪便微生物群和代谢组学特征之间的联系。

The link between ultra-processed food consumption, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in older mediterranean adults at high cardiovascular risk.

作者信息

Atzeni Alessandro, Hernández-Cacho Adrián, Khoury Nadine, Babio Nancy, Belzer Clara, Vioque Jesús, Corella Dolores, Fitó Montserrat, Clish Clary, Vidal Josep, Konstanti Prokopis, Gonzales-Palacios Sandra, Coltell Oscar, Goday Albert, Moreno Indias Isabel, Carlos Chillerón Silvia, Ruiz-Canela Miguel, Tinahones Francisco J, Hu Frank B, Salas-Salvadó Jordi

机构信息

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM) Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Alimentació, Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.

出版信息

Nutr J. 2025 Apr 17;24(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12937-025-01125-5.

DOI:10.1186/s12937-025-01125-5

PMID:40247349

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12007308/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes, potentially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite production.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between NOVA-classified UPF consumption, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolome in a population of Mediterranean older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

METHODS

A total of 385 individuals, aged between 55 and 75 years, were included in the study. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Fecal microbiota and metabolome were assessed using 16 S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.

RESULTS

At baseline, higher UPF consumption was associated with lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis (β = - 0.275, P = 0.047) and lower concentrations of the metabolites propionylcarnitine (β = - 0.0003, P = 0.013) and pipecolic acid (β = - 0.0003, P = 0.040) in feces. Longitudinally, increased UPF consumption was linked to reduced abundance of Parabacteroides spp. after a 1-year follow-up (β = - 0.278, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

High UPF consumption was associated with less favorable gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, suggesting a possible link to reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, altered mitochondrial energy metabolism, and impaired amino acid metabolism. These findings support the reduction of UPF consumption and the promotion of dietary patterns rich in fiber for better gut health. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and clarify the underlying mechanisms.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ISRCTN89898870 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870 ).

摘要

背景

超加工食品（UPF）的消费与不良代谢结果有关，可能是由肠道微生物群和代谢物产生的改变介导的。

目的

本研究旨在探讨心血管疾病高风险的地中海老年人群中，NOVA分类的UPF消费、粪便微生物群和粪便代谢组之间的横断面和纵向关联。

方法

本研究共纳入385名年龄在55至75岁之间的个体。在基线和1年随访后收集饮食和生活方式信息、人体测量数据和粪便样本。分别使用16S rRNA测序和液相色谱-串联质谱法评估粪便微生物群和代谢组。

结果

在基线时，较高的UPF消费与未分类的瘤胃球菌科丰度较低（β = -0.275，P = 0.047）以及粪便中丙酰肉碱（β = -0.0003，P = 0.013）和哌可酸（β = -0.0003，P = 0.040）的浓度较低有关。纵向来看，UPF消费增加与1年随访后副拟杆菌属丰度降低有关（β = -0.278，P = 0.002）。