Zhang Xiao, Hua Jia, Song Zule, Li Kejun
College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
AIMS Microbiol. 2024 Mar 19;10(2):239-254. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024012. eCollection 2024.
Marine aquaculture is key for protein production but disrupts marine ecosystems by releasing excess feed and pharmaceuticals, thus affecting marine microbes. Though vital, its environmental impact often remains overlooked. This article delves into mariculture's effects on marine microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and antibiotic-resistance genes in seawater and sediments. It highlights how different mariculture practices-open, pond, and cage culture-affect these microbial communities. Mariculture's release of nutrients, antibiotics, and heavy metals alters the microbial composition, diversity, and functions. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, a promising sustainable approach, is still developing and needs refinement. A deep understanding of mariculture's impact on microbial ecosystems is crucial to minimize pollution and foster sustainable practices, paving the way for the industry's sustainable advancement.
海水养殖是蛋白质生产的关键，但会通过释放过量饲料和药物破坏海洋生态系统，从而影响海洋微生物。尽管至关重要，但其环境影响往往仍被忽视。本文深入探讨了海水养殖对海洋微生物的影响，包括海水中和沉积物中的细菌、真菌、病毒及抗生素抗性基因。它强调了不同的海水养殖方式——开放式、池塘式和网箱式养殖——如何影响这些微生物群落。海水养殖中营养物质、抗生素和重金属的释放改变了微生物的组成、多样性和功能。综合多营养层次水产养殖作为一种有前景的可持续方法仍在发展且需要完善。深入了解海水养殖对微生物生态系统的影响对于减少污染和促进可持续做法至关重要，为该行业的可持续发展铺平道路。
