Social, Economic and Organisational Psychology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Sci Adv. 2024 Jun 28;10(26):eadm7968. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7968. Epub 2024 Jun 26.
Like other group-living species, humans often cooperate more with an in-group member than with out-group members and strangers. Greater in-group favoritism should imply that people also compete less with in-group members than with out-group members and strangers. However, in situations where people could invest to take other's resources and invest to protect against exploitation, we observed the opposite. Akin to what in other species is known as the "nasty neighbor effect," people invested more when facing an in-group rather than out-group member or stranger across 51 nations, in different communities in Kenya, and in representative samples from the United Kingdom. This "nasty neighbor" behavior is independent of in-group favoritism in trust and emerges when people perceive within-group resource scarcity. We discuss how to reconcile that humans exhibit nastiness and favoritism toward in-group members with existing theory on in-group favoritism.
与其他群居物种一样，人类通常更倾向于与群体内成员合作，而不是与群体外成员和陌生人合作。更大的群体偏好应该意味着人们与群体内成员的竞争也会比与群体外成员和陌生人的竞争更少。然而，在人们可以投资获取他人资源和投资防范剥削的情况下，我们观察到了相反的情况。类似于其他物种中被称为“讨厌的邻居效应”，在 51 个国家、肯尼亚不同社区以及英国的代表性样本中，当人们面对群体内成员而不是群体外成员或陌生人时，人们会投入更多。这种“讨厌的邻居”行为独立于信任中的群体偏好，并且在人们感知到群体内资源稀缺时出现。我们讨论了如何调和人类对群体内成员的恶意和偏爱与现有群体偏爱的理论。
