Balleza-Alejandri Luis Ricardo, Peña-Durán Emiliano, Beltrán-Ramírez Alberto, Reynoso-Roa Africa Samantha, Sánchez-Abundis Luis Daniel, García-Galindo Jesús Jonathan, Suárez-Rico Daniel Osmar
Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano y Partero, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2024 May 25;12(6):1070. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12061070.
The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, viruses, and protozoans living in symbiosis with the host, plays a crucial role in human health, influencing everything from metabolism to immune function. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in this ecosystem, has been linked to various health issues, including diabetes and gestational diabetes (GD). In diabetes, dysbiosis affects the function of adipose tissue, leading to the release of adipokines and cytokines, which increase inflammation and insulin resistance. During pregnancy, changes to the microbiome can exacerbate glucose intolerance, a common feature of GD. Over the past years, burgeoning insights into the gut microbiota have unveiled its pivotal role in human health. This article comprehensively reviews literature from the last seven years, highlighting the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and GD, as well as the metabolism of antidiabetic drugs and the potential influences of diet and probiotics. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms discussed include the impact of dysbiosis on systemic inflammation and the interplay with genetic and environmental factors. By focusing on recent studies, the importance of considering microbial health in the prevention and treatment of GD is emphasized, providing insights into future research directions and clinical applications to improve maternal-infant health outcomes.
人类微生物组是一个由细菌、病毒和原生动物组成的复杂生态系统，与宿主共生，在人类健康中起着至关重要的作用，影响从新陈代谢到免疫功能的方方面面。生态失调，即这个生态系统的失衡，与包括糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病（GD）在内的各种健康问题有关。在糖尿病中，生态失调会影响脂肪组织的功能，导致脂肪因子和细胞因子的释放，从而加剧炎症和胰岛素抵抗。在怀孕期间，微生物组的变化会加剧葡萄糖不耐受，这是GD的一个常见特征。在过去几年里，对肠道微生物群的深入了解揭示了其在人类健康中的关键作用。本文全面回顾了过去七年的文献，重点介绍了肠道微生物群生态失调与GD之间的关联，以及抗糖尿病药物的代谢以及饮食和益生菌的潜在影响。所讨论的潜在病理生理机制包括生态失调对全身炎症的影响以及与遗传和环境因素的相互作用。通过关注近期研究，强调了在GD的预防和治疗中考虑微生物健康的重要性，为未来的研究方向和临床应用提供了见解，以改善母婴健康结局。
