Lv Zhuo, Jiang Shuaijun, Kong Shuxin, Zhang Xu, Yue Jiahui, Zhao Wanqi, Li Long, Lin Shuyan
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jun 18;13(12):1679. doi: 10.3390/plants13121679.
"Omics" typically involves exploration of the structure and function of the entire composition of a biological system at a specific level using high-throughput analytical methods to probe and analyze large amounts of data, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, among other types. Genomics characterizes and quantifies all genes of an organism collectively, studying their interrelationships and their impacts on the organism. However, conventional transcriptomic sequencing techniques target population cells, and their results only reflect the average expression levels of genes in population cells, as they are unable to reveal the gene expression heterogeneity and spatial heterogeneity among individual cells, thus masking the expression specificity between different cells. Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing and spatial transcriptomic sequencing techniques analyze the transcriptome of individual cells in plant or animal tissues, enabling the understanding of each cell's metabolites and expressed genes. Consequently, statistical analysis of the corresponding tissues can be performed, with the purpose of achieving cell classification, evolutionary growth, and physiological and pathological analyses. This article provides an overview of the research progress in plant single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, as well as their applications and challenges in plants. Furthermore, prospects for the development of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics are proposed.
“组学”通常涉及在特定水平上利用高通量分析方法探索生物系统整体组成的结构和功能，以探测和分析大量数据，包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等多种类型。基因组学对生物体的所有基因进行整体表征和定量分析，研究它们之间的相互关系及其对生物体的影响。然而，传统的转录组测序技术针对的是群体细胞，其结果仅反映群体细胞中基因的平均表达水平，因为它们无法揭示单个细胞之间的基因表达异质性和空间异质性，从而掩盖了不同细胞之间的表达特异性。单细胞转录组测序和空间转录组测序技术分析植物或动物组织中单个细胞的转录组，从而能够了解每个细胞的代谢物和表达的基因。因此，可以对相应组织进行统计分析，目的是实现细胞分类、进化生长以及生理和病理分析。本文概述了植物单细胞和空间转录组学的研究进展，以及它们在植物中的应用和挑战。此外，还提出了单细胞和空间转录组学的发展前景。
