Wang Tao, Yang Liu, Xu Qi, Dou Jun, Clemente Filipe Manuel
Geely University of China, 641423 Chengdu, China.
Fuyang Normal University, 233600 Fuyang, China.
Biol Sport. 2024 Jul;41(3):243-266. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134762. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
This systematic review aims to provide a summary of the results from individual studies that specifically focused on overweight or obese populations, regardless of age or sex. The goal is to determine the effects of structured recreational team sports interventions (TSG) on metabolic health, body composition and physical fitness parameters when compared to passive or active control groups. This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting a systematic review. A thorough examination of relevant literature was conducted on November 06, 2023, using three prominent databases: PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. Inclusion criteria considered overweight (e.g., BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m) and obese (e.g., BMI > 30 kg/m) populations exposed to training interventions using recreational team sports, while the comparator group consisted of the same populations not exposed to exercise (passive controls) or exposed to alternative training methods. The primary outcomes of interest were metabolic health parameters (glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides), body composition (e.g., fat mass, lean mass), as well as physical fitness parameters (e.g., aerobic fitness, muscular fitness). Only studies with two- or multi-arm designs, whether randomized or not, were eligible for inclusion. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological bias of the included studies. Out of the initial 275 titles retrieved, we deemed ten eligible for our study. In terms of body composition, TSG demonstrated a significant decrease in body mass index across three studies (-2.3 to -5.1%) and a significant reduction in waist circumference in four studies (-4.6% to -8.4%). Regarding blood pressure, TSG exhibited a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in two studies (-3.9% to -8.3%), while diastolic blood pressure showed a significant decrease in only one study (-7.3%). Cholesterol levels saw a significant decrease in TSG in three studies (-7.0% to -9.7%), and triglyceride levels showed a significant reduction in four studies (-16.4% to -20.1%). In terms of aerobic fitness, TSG demonstrated within-group improvements in the field-based tests in three studies (8.1% to 79.0%), and within-group improvements in maximal oxygen uptake in four studies (6.5% to 31.0%), with significant favoring of TSG in most studies. Overall, TSG demonstrated significant benefits for overweight and obese populations compared to the control group, particularly in terms of improvements in body mass index, systolic blood pressures, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and aerobic fitness. Future research ought to concentrate on tailoring responses to varying training volumes on an individualized basis.
本系统评价旨在总结针对超重或肥胖人群（无论年龄或性别）的个体研究结果。目标是确定与被动或主动对照组相比，结构化娱乐团队运动干预（TSG）对代谢健康、身体成分和体能参数的影响。本研究遵循PRISMA报告系统评价的指南。2023年11月6日，使用三个著名数据库（PubMed、Scopus和科学网）对相关文献进行了全面检索。纳入标准考虑了超重（如BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m）和肥胖（如BMI > 30 kg/m）人群接受娱乐团队运动训练干预的情况，而对照组则由未接受运动的相同人群（被动对照组）或接受替代训练方法的人群组成。感兴趣的主要结果是代谢健康参数（血糖、腰围、血压、胆固醇、甘油三酯）、身体成分（如脂肪量、瘦体重）以及体能参数（如有氧适能、肌肉适能）。仅纳入双臂或多臂设计的研究，无论是否随机。使用PEDro量表评估纳入研究的方法学偏倚。在最初检索到的275篇标题中，我们认为有1０篇符合我们的研究要求。在身体成分方面，三项研究显示TSG使体重指数显著降低（-2.3%至-5.1%），四项研究显示腰围显著减小（-4.6%至-8.4%）。关于血压，两项研究显示TSG使收缩压显著降低（-3.9%至-8.3%），而舒张压仅在一项研究中显著降低（-7.3%）。三项研究显示TSG使胆固醇水平显著降低（-7.0%至-9.7%），四项研究显示甘油三酯水平显著降低（-16.4%至-20.1%）。在有氧适能方面，三项研究显示TSG在基于场地的测试中组内有改善（8.1%至79.0%），四项研究显示TSG在最大摄氧量方面组内有改善（6.5%至31.0%），大多数研究中TSG更具优势。总体而言，与对照组相比，TSG对超重和肥胖人群显示出显著益处，特别是在体重指数、收缩压、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平以及有氧适能的改善方面。未来的研究应集中在根据个体情况调整对不同训练量的反应。
