Community Health and Medical Care, Northeast, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
BMC Palliat Care. 2024 Jul 6;23(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12904-024-01493-5.
The countries of the world are becoming increasingly multicultural and diverse, both as a result of growing migration, of people fleeing countries at war but also due to increased mobility related to labour immigration. Culture is a broad concept where the definitions focus on learned and shared values, traditions, and beliefs of a group of individuals. People's culture affects health and perceptions of illness as well as treatment, symptoms, and care. Moreover, people who are at the end of life, live and exist within all levels and contexts of care. Specialized palliative care requires that the nurse has sufficient knowledge and skills to be responsible for meeting the patient's nursing needs also on a cultural level, regardless of cultural affiliation. The aim of the study was to highlight nurses' experiences of the meaning of culture when caring for patients at the end of life in specialized palliative care.
The study was conducted with a qualitative design and inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve nurses in western Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.
The nurses had an awareness of culture as a phenomenon and how it affected palliative care at the end of life. The results showed two categories, Awareness of the impact of culture on nursing and Culture's impact and influence on the nurse's mindset and approach, consisting of seven subcategories that highlight the nurse's experience. It emerged that there are differences between cultures regarding notions of dying and death, who should be informed, and treatments. There were also challenges and emotions that arose when cultural preferences differed among everyone involved. A person-centred approach allowed for recognition of the dying person's culture, to meet diverse cultural needs and wishes.
Providing culturally competent care is a major challenge. There are often no routines or methods prescribed for how nurses should relate to and handle the diversity of cultural notions that may differ from the values and cornerstones of palliative care. Having a person-centred approach as strategy can help to better manage the situation and provide equitable care on terms that respect cultural diversity.
世界各国由于移民增加、逃离战争国家的人们以及劳动力移民增加而变得越来越多元和多样化。文化是一个广泛的概念，其定义侧重于个人群体的习得和共享价值观、传统和信仰。人们的文化会影响健康和对疾病的看法以及治疗、症状和护理。此外，临终患者存在于护理的各个层面和环境中。专门的姑息治疗要求护士具备足够的知识和技能，负责满足患者在文化层面上的护理需求，无论其文化背景如何。本研究旨在强调护士在专门的姑息治疗中照顾临终患者时对文化意义的体验。
该研究采用定性设计和归纳法进行。在瑞典西部对 12 名护士进行了半结构化访谈。使用定性内容分析法分析数据。
护士意识到文化是一种现象，以及它如何影响临终姑息治疗。结果显示出两个类别，即文化对护理的影响的认识和文化对护士思维和方法的影响和影响，由七个子类别组成，突出了护士的经验。结果表明，在死亡观念、应该通知谁以及治疗方法方面，不同文化之间存在差异。当涉及的每个人的文化偏好不同时，还会出现挑战和情绪。以人为本的方法允许识别临终者的文化，以满足不同的文化需求和愿望。
提供文化上合适的护理是一个重大挑战。通常没有规定护士应该如何与可能与姑息治疗的价值观和基石不同的文化观念相关联和处理的常规或方法。采取以人为本的方法作为策略可以帮助更好地管理这种情况，并提供尊重文化多样性的公平护理。
