Anthelmintic Activities of and Extracts Used in Chad by Traditional Healers for the Treatment of Helminthiasis and Study of Phytoconstituents.

BACKGROUND

Helminthiasis is endemic in Chad and constitutes a public health problem, particularly among school-age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts of and used in Chad by traditional healers for the treatment of helminthiasis.

METHODS

The anthelmintic activity was assessed against and larvae using the Worm Microtracker. Embryonated eggs, L1, L2, and L3 larvae of were obtained after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days of coproculture and L4 larvae of culture using standard procedures. One hundred microliters of extracts at various concentrations, with albendazole and distilled water were, put in contact with 100 L of suspension (containing 50 parasites at various developmental stages) in a microplate and incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the Worm Microtracker. The same procedure was adopted for , but with 180 L of OP50. 19 L of suspension (containing 50 larvae) was put in contact with 1 L of extract at various concentrations and incubated in the Worm Microtracker. Docking studies were carried out using the Schrodinger Maestro software's Glide module. The score function in the software was used to rank and group distinct possible adduct structures generated by molecular docking.

RESULTS

The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL showed the same activity as albendazole (100 ± 0.00) on hatching. The IC50s of the aqueous extracts of the two plants (IC: 0.6212 mg/mL and 0.71 mg/mL, respectively) were comparable on egg hatching of with no significant difference ( ≥ 0.05) with respect to the ethanol extracts (IC: 0.70 mg/mL and 0.81 mg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference between the percentage inhibition of extracts and albendazole on the L1 larvae of ( ≥ 0.05). The aqueous extracts acted more effectively than the ethanol extracts on the L1 larvae of with an IC of 0.5588 and ∼9.858 - 005 mg/ml, respectively, for and . The aqueous extracts of and on L3 larvae of had inhibitory percentages of 92.6 ± 0.62 and 91.37 ± 0.8 at 2.5 mg/mL which were lower than albendazole (100 ± 0.00). The aqueous extracts of and on showed IC of 0.2775 g/mL and 0.5115 g/mL, respectively, and were more effective than the ethanol extracts. Examining and through the interaction with the protein receptor and its results also confirmed our assumption that the compound used has hydroxyl and carbonyl groups as well as aromatic rings and is exposed to phenolic and flavonoid groups in a more specific way, and it shows a better inhibitory effect.

CONCLUSIONS

This study scientifically validates the use of extracts of the two plants in the traditional treatment of helminthiasis. However, it will be necessary to evaluate the anthelmintic activity and toxicity. Examining the ADME properties of these compounds also supports the potential of these ligands to be transformed into pharmaceutical forms.