Cisneros J A, Newhouse V L, Goldberg B
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1985 Mar-Apr;11(2):319-28. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(85)90131-0.
This paper reports on a new method intended to detect early flow disturbances generated by small lesions, using conventional clinical instrumentation. In vitro experiments on models of stenotic vessels are presented which prove that ultrasound Doppler, with the beam directed at right angles to the vessel axis can detect vortices and other flow disturbances caused by wall irregularities. These disturbances characterized by small velocity components first toward and then away from the transducer correlate with the spectrum of vortices caused by small artificial lesions. We found these disturbances in flow to be too small to cause detectable broadening in the Doppler spectrum acquired in the traditional way (i.e. with the beam at an angle less than 90 degrees). The detected flow disturbances were found to depend on the surface roughness, the profile of the obstructive lesion and the narrowing of the vessel. Similar flow disturbances to those detected in vitro were demonstrated in vivo for this new beam orientation in regions of the carotid, such as the bulb and the beginning of the common carotid, where vortex-like flows are expected.
本文报道了一种旨在利用传统临床仪器检测小病变产生的早期血流紊乱的新方法。文中展示了在狭窄血管模型上进行的体外实验，这些实验证明，将超声束垂直于血管轴指向时，超声多普勒能够检测到由血管壁不规则引起的涡流及其他血流紊乱。这些以先朝向换能器、然后远离换能器的小速度分量为特征的紊乱，与由小的人工病变引起的涡流频谱相关。我们发现，这些血流紊乱过小，以至于无法在以传统方式（即超声束角度小于90度）获取的多普勒频谱中引起可检测到的展宽。已发现检测到的血流紊乱取决于表面粗糙度、阻塞性病变的轮廓以及血管的狭窄程度。对于这种新的波束方向，在体内颈动脉的一些区域，如颈动脉球部和颈总动脉起始处，也证实了与体外检测到的类似血流紊乱，这些区域预计会出现类似涡流的血流。
