Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.
Int J Oncol. 2024 Aug;65(2). doi: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5669. Epub 2024 Jul 12.
Cancer is characterized by unlimited proliferation and metastasis, and traditional therapeutic strategies usually result in the acquisition of drug resistance, thus highlighting the need for more personalized treatment. mRNA vaccines transfer the gene sequences of exogenous target antigens into human cells through transcription and translation to stimulate the body to produce specific immune responses against the encoded proteins, so as to enable the body to obtain immune protection against said antigens; this approach may be adopted for personalized cancer therapy. Since the recent coronavirus pandemic, the development of mRNA vaccines has seen substantial progress and widespread adoption. In the present review, the development of mRNA vaccines, their mechanisms of action, factors influencing their function and the current clinical applications of the vaccine are discussed. A focus is placed on the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer, with the aim of highlighting unique advances and the remaining challenges of this novel and promising therapeutic approach.
癌症的特征是无限增殖和转移，传统的治疗策略通常会导致耐药性的产生，因此需要更个性化的治疗方法。mRNA 疫苗通过转录和翻译将外源性靶抗原的基因序列转移到人体细胞中，以刺激机体产生针对编码蛋白的特异性免疫反应，从而使机体获得针对所述抗原的免疫保护；这种方法可能被用于个性化癌症治疗。自最近的冠状病毒大流行以来，mRNA 疫苗的发展取得了实质性进展并得到了广泛应用。在本综述中，讨论了 mRNA 疫苗的发展、它们的作用机制、影响其功能的因素以及疫苗的当前临床应用。重点介绍了 mRNA 疫苗在癌症中的应用，旨在突出这种新型有前途的治疗方法的独特进展和仍然存在的挑战。
