Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and History of Science, Research Unit for the Analysis of Mortality and Health Statistics, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 12;19(7):e0306526. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306526. eCollection 2024.
Disability is frequently associated with contextual or lifestyle factors. Some health conditions may affect the prevalence of disability differently, especially for some minority groups. This study aims to assess the impact and contribution of different health conditions to disability burden in Spain in Roma and immigrant populations, compared to the general population.
This is a cross-sectional study. We have used data from the Spanish National Survey of 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014. We have calculated frequencies of demographic variables and prevalence of health conditions grouped by body function. We also have fitted binomial additive hazard models, using the attribution method, to assess disabling impact and contribution of health conditions to disability burden. The software R was used for the computations.
Roma and immigrant populations had worse socioeconomic status than the general population, although the gap was more heavily marked among Roma. Roma population showed a higher prevalence in all health conditions, with a disability prevalence of 57.90%, contrary to the immigrant population, that showed a lower prevalence in all health conditions, including disability (30.79%), than the general population (40.00%). However, all health conditions were more disabling in the immigrant population. Neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and accidents among Roma, were the most disabling conditions. Nevertheless, musculoskeletal, chronic pain, and sensory diseases among Roma, had a greater contribution to disability burden, mainly due to a combination of a great prevalence and a great impact in functions of those health conditions.
Both ethnicity and migrant status have shown differences in the burden of disability. While in the general population, musculoskeletal problems have the greatest contribution to the disability burden, in immigrants it was chronic pain and in the Roma population it was sensory problems. Disparities by sex were also found, with the contribution of musculoskeletal diseases being more important in females.
残疾通常与环境或生活方式因素有关。一些健康状况可能会以不同的方式影响残疾的流行率，尤其是对于一些少数群体。本研究旨在评估不同健康状况对西班牙罗姆人和移民人群以及一般人群残疾负担的影响和贡献。
这是一项横断面研究。我们使用了 2017 年西班牙全国调查和 2014 年罗姆人全国健康调查的数据。我们按身体功能对人口统计学变量和健康状况的发生率进行了分组。我们还使用归因法拟合了二项式加性风险模型，以评估健康状况对残疾负担的致残影响和贡献。计算使用 R 软件进行。
罗姆人和移民人群的社会经济地位比一般人群差，尽管罗姆人群体的差距更为明显。罗姆人群体的所有健康状况的患病率都较高，残疾患病率为 57.90%，而移民人群体的所有健康状况的患病率都较低，包括残疾（30.79%），均低于一般人群（40.00%）。然而，所有健康状况在移民人群体中更为致残。罗姆人群体的神经和心血管疾病以及事故是最致残的疾病。然而，罗姆人群体的肌肉骨骼、慢性疼痛和感官疾病对残疾负担的贡献更大，主要是由于这些健康状况的高患病率和功能的严重影响所致。
种族和移民身份都显示出残疾负担的差异。在一般人群中，肌肉骨骼问题对残疾负担的贡献最大，而在移民中，慢性疼痛的贡献最大，在罗姆人群体中，感官问题的贡献最大。还发现了性别差异，女性肌肉骨骼疾病的贡献更为重要。
