Guo Wenqi, Song Xueru, Liu Jiaqi, Liu Wanyi, Chu Xiaoyuan, Lei Zengjie
Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China.
Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jun 25;14(13):1088. doi: 10.3390/nano14131088.
Quantum dots (QDs) represent a class of nanoscale wide bandgap semiconductors, and are primarily composed of metals, lipids, or polymers. Their unique electronic and optical properties, which stem from their wide bandgap characteristics, offer significant advantages for early cancer detection and treatment. Metal QDs have already demonstrated therapeutic potential in early tumor imaging and therapy. However, biological toxicity has led to the development of various non-functionalized QDs, such as carbon QDs (CQDs), graphene QDs (GQDs), black phosphorus QDs (BPQDs) and perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). To meet the diverse needs of clinical cancer treatment, functionalized QDs with an array of modifications (lipid, protein, organic, and inorganic) have been further developed. These advancements combine the unique material properties of QDs with the targeted capabilities of biological therapy to effectively kill tumors through photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other means. In addition to tumor-specific therapy, the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs has gradually increased with technological progress, enabling their significant application in both in vivo and in vitro imaging. This review delves into the role of QDs in the development and improvement of clinical cancer treatments, emphasizing their wide bandgap semiconductor properties.
量子点（QDs）是一类纳米级宽带隙半导体，主要由金属、脂质或聚合物组成。它们独特的电子和光学特性源于其宽带隙特性，为早期癌症检测和治疗提供了显著优势。金属量子点已在早期肿瘤成像和治疗中显示出治疗潜力。然而，生物毒性促使人们开发了各种非功能化量子点，如碳量子点（CQDs）、石墨烯量子点（GQDs）、黑磷量子点（BPQDs）和钙钛矿量子点（PQDs）。为满足临床癌症治疗的多样化需求，人们进一步开发了具有一系列修饰（脂质、蛋白质、有机和无机）的功能化量子点。这些进展将量子点独特的材料特性与生物治疗的靶向能力相结合，通过光动力疗法、化疗、免疫疗法等手段有效杀死肿瘤。除了肿瘤特异性治疗外，随着技术进步，量子点的荧光量子产率逐渐提高，使其在体内和体外成像中都有重要应用。本综述深入探讨了量子点在临床癌症治疗发展和改进中的作用，强调了它们的宽带隙半导体特性。
