Tamada Atsushi, Muguruma Keiko
Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2023 Dec 27;16:106-117. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.006. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Organoids are 3D cultured tissues derived from stem cells that resemble the structure of living organs. Based on the accumulated knowledge of neural development, neural organoids that recapitulate neural tissue have been created by inducing self-organized neural differentiation of stem cells. Neural organoid techniques have been applied to human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate 3D human neural tissues in culture. Various methods have been developed to generate neural tissues of different regions. Currently, neural organoid technology has several significant limitations, which are being overcome in an attempt to create neural organoids that more faithfully recapitulate the living brain. The rapidly advancing neural organoid technology enables the use of living human neural tissue as research material and contributes to our understanding of the development, structure and function of the human nervous system, and is expected to be used to overcome neurological diseases and for regenerative medicine.
类器官是源自干细胞的三维培养组织，其结构类似于活体器官。基于神经发育的积累知识，通过诱导干细胞的自组织神经分化，已创建出模拟神经组织的神经类器官。神经类器官技术已应用于人类多能干细胞，以在培养中分化出三维人类神经组织。已开发出各种方法来生成不同区域的神经组织。目前，神经类器官技术存在若干重大局限性，人们正在努力克服这些局限性，以创建更忠实地模拟活体大脑的神经类器官。迅速发展的神经类器官技术使得能够将活体人类神经组织用作研究材料，并有助于我们理解人类神经系统的发育、结构和功能，有望用于攻克神经疾病和再生医学。
