Department of Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Emory University, Decatur, GA, USA.
J Lesbian Stud. 2024;28(3):460-485. doi: 10.1080/10894160.2023.2281060. Epub 2023 Nov 20.
This article explores the challenges faced by Chinese queer feminist activists as they navigate the rise of cyber-nationalist attacks. Drawing from the author's involvement in China's lala and feminist movements, activists writings, and three interviews, the article discusses how lala activists cope with the rising Chinese cyber-nationalism through various strategies and reconceptualize activism beyond identity groups. The first part of the paper situates the rise of nationalism in Chinese cyberspace in relation to global neo-fascism, identifying the overlapping cyber-trolling infrastructures, the basic form of "palingenetic ultra-nationalism", and the anti-gender/queer sentiments in neo-fascist movements transcending ideological and political divisions in different regions. The second part discusses the difficulties faced by lala activists when dealing with imbalanced accountability and censorship, as well as the "hegemonic masculinity" in cyber-nationalist attacks, revealing that hegemonic masculinity seeks not only to reinforce traditional gender norms but also to control everyone's personal lives. The last part argues that Chinese lala activists' friendship-based alliances provide a valuable strategy under intensifying cyber-nationalism and state censorship. By engaging in diverse social issues and collaborating with various groups, this friendship-based solidarity prioritizes a caring life and fosters a situation where activists explore different social issues, initiate actions, and seek supporters based on specific issues instead of identities. This strategy may offer valuable insights into feminist/queer resistance during dark times, when the rise of global neo-fascism and its appropriation of identity discourse increasingly creates incommensuration between national identities and gender/sexuality identities.
本文探讨了中国酷儿女权主义活动家在应对网络民族主义攻击时所面临的挑战。本文通过作者对中国拉拉和女权运动的参与、活动家的著作以及三次访谈的分析，探讨了拉拉活动家如何通过各种策略应对中国网络民族主义的兴起，并超越身份群体重新构想行动主义。本文的第一部分将中国网络空间民族主义的兴起置于与全球新法西斯主义的关系中，指出了重叠的网络骚扰基础设施、“新生超民族主义”的基本形式，以及新法西斯主义运动中的反性别/酷儿情绪超越了不同地区的意识形态和政治分歧。第二部分讨论了拉拉活动家在处理不平衡的问责制和审查制度以及网络民族主义攻击中的“霸权男性气质”时所面临的困难，揭示了霸权男性气质不仅试图强化传统的性别规范，还试图控制每个人的个人生活。最后一部分认为，中国拉拉活动家基于友谊的联盟为在网络民族主义和国家审查加剧的情况下提供了一种有价值的策略。通过参与多样化的社会问题和与各种团体合作，这种基于友谊的团结将关怀生活放在首位，并营造了一种活动家根据具体问题而不是身份来探索不同社会问题、发起行动和寻求支持者的情境。这一策略可能为全球新法西斯主义崛起及其对身份话语的挪用越来越导致民族身份和性别/性身份之间不可通约的时期的女权主义/酷儿抵抗提供有价值的见解。
