School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250013, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Nov 15;334:118581. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118581. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
The plants in the genus Erigeron are known to exhibit antiviral activities, including those against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In traditional medicine Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers (EA) has been used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases and acute infectious hepatitis.
The aim of this study is to determine the optimum extraction method to produce the most potent anti-RSV extract, elucidate its mode and mechanisms of antiviral activity in both in vitro and in vivo models, and identify the chemical structures of the bioactive compounds.
The whole plant of EA was extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, water, aqueous methanol (60, 80% and 100%) and aqueous ethanol (50, 75% and 95%) using maceration, reflux, and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The antiviral activities of the extracts were determined in vitro. The in vitro antiviral activities of the extracts were determined using Hep-2 cells. Four in vitro experiments were performed to determine the mode of antiviral activity of the most active extract, ethyl acetate fraction (EAE) of Erigeron annuus whole plant extract prepared by refluxing with 50% ethanol, by examining its ability to inactivate the virus directly, inhibit viral adsorption and penetration, inhibit viral replication and preventive effect. The effect of temperature and duration of treatment on these modes of action was also determined. The antiviral activity of the EAE was also assessed in vivo in a mouse model. The lung index, viral load, and lung tissue histology were measured. qRT-PCR and ELISA studies were performed to determine the expression of key genes (TLR-3 and TLR-4) and proteins (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) related to RSV infection. The most active antiviral compound was isolated using chromatography techniques, and its chemical structure was identified through electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
The EAE was the most active on RSV. In vitro experiments showed that the antiviral activity of EAE is via direct inactivation, inhibition of entry, and inhibition of the proliferation of the virus. In vivo experiments showed that the EAE effectively inhibited the proliferation of RSV in the lungs and alleviated the lung tissue lesions in RSV-infected mice. The antiviral activity of the EAE is mediated by downregulating the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in the lung, upregulating the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and downregulating the expression of TNF-α. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide was found to be a major bioactive compound in EAE.
The results of this study confirmed the antiviral activity of EA by inactivating, inhibiting the entry, and inhibiting the proliferation of RSV. The activity is mediated by regulating the immunity and inflammatory mediators. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide is the bioactive compound present in EA.
艾纳香（Erigeron annuus）
菊科艾纳香属
多年生草本或亚灌木，茎直立，粗壮，具纵条纹，被白色密绒毛，叶互生，有柄，叶片长圆状披针形或长圆状卵形，边缘有不规则锯齿，两面被密绒毛。头状花序多数，排列成复总状，生于枝顶，花黄色。
喜温暖湿润气候，不耐寒，怕干旱，要求阳光充足，排水良好的疏松肥沃土壤。
艾纳香全草入药，有祛风除湿、通经活络、消肿止痛、清热解毒等功效，可用于治疗感冒、风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、泄泻、痢疾、痈疽肿毒等疾病。
艾纳香是一种重要的香料植物，其叶子含有挥发性油，可提取香精，用于制作香水、肥皂、牙膏等日用品；同时，艾纳香还是一种重要的药材，具有广泛的药用价值。
艾纳香可采用种子繁殖和分株繁殖，种子繁殖一般在春季进行，分株繁殖可在秋季进行。艾纳香生长期间需注意浇水、施肥、除草、病虫害防治等工作，以保证其生长良好。
以上是关于艾纳香的一些基本信息，希望对你有所帮助。
