Schwensen Jakob F B, Uter Wolfgang, Aerts Olivier, Agner Tove, Brans Richard, Bruze Magnus, Foti Caterina, Giménez-Arnau Ana Maria, Gonçalo Margarida, Svedman Cecilia, Stingeni Luca, Wilkinson Mark, Johansen Jeanne Duus
Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Contact Dermatitis. 2024 Oct;91(4):271-277. doi: 10.1111/cod.14641. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
The use of methylisothiazolinone (MI) as a preservative in cosmetic products caused an alarming increase in MI contact allergy across Europe in the 2010s. This was followed by regulations of use with a total ban on leave-on (implemented in 2017) and reduced use concentrations in rinse-off cosmetics (2018).
To follow-up on the prevalence of contact allergy to MI and the related benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT) in consecutively patch-tested patients in Europe.
A cross-sectional audit following the design of two previous audits on MI contact allergy from 1 May 2022 to 31 October 2022 included all patients patch tested with the European baseline series, including or supplemented with MI, BIT and OIT across 10 departments in eight European countries.
A total of 2554 patients were consecutively patch tested with the three isothiazolinones during the study period. The prevalence of MI and BIT contact allergy was 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-3.7%; range 1.1%-5.8%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%-3.9%; range 0.0%-6.6%), respectively; that of OIT was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.1%; range 0%-3.2%). Rinse-off cosmetic (73.3%) and leave-on cosmetic products (13.3%) were still associated with eliciting allergic contact dermatitis to MI.
We confirmed a positive impact of regulatory measures on the prevalence of MI contact allergy in Europe, which halved compared to 2015. However, our data suggest that consumers may still be exposed to older cosmetic products containing MI. BIT has superseded MI in causing contact allergy, despite not being allowed for use in cosmetic products.
2010年代，甲基异噻唑啉酮（MI）作为化妆品防腐剂在欧洲导致MI接触性过敏显著增加。随后出台了使用规定，全面禁止在驻留型化妆品中使用（2017年实施），并降低了冲洗型化妆品中的使用浓度（2018年）。
对欧洲连续接受斑贴试验的患者中MI以及相关的苯并异噻唑啉酮（BIT）和辛基异噻唑啉酮（OIT）接触性过敏的患病率进行随访。
按照之前两项关于MI接触性过敏的审计设计进行横断面审计，时间从2022年5月1日至2022年10月31日，纳入了所有使用欧洲基线系列进行斑贴试验的患者，该系列包括或补充了MI、BIT和OIT，涉及欧洲8个国家的10个科室。
在研究期间，共有2554名患者连续接受了三种异噻唑啉酮的斑贴试验。MI和BIT接触性过敏的患病率分别为2.9%（95%置信区间[CI]：2.3%-3.7%；范围1.1%-5.8%）和3.1%（95%CI：2.4%-3.9%；范围0.0%-6.6%）；OIT的患病率为0.7%（95%CI：0.4%-1.1%；范围0%-3.2%）。冲洗型化妆品（73.3%）和驻留型化妆品（13.3%）仍与引发MI过敏性接触性皮炎有关。
我们证实了监管措施对欧洲MI接触性过敏患病率产生了积极影响，与2015年相比患病率减半。然而，我们的数据表明，消费者可能仍会接触到含有MI的旧款化妆品。尽管BIT不允许用于化妆品，但它在引起接触性过敏方面已取代了MI。
