Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, UK.
Pathog Glob Health. 2024 Sep;118(6):459-470. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2381402. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
The development of rapid, accurate, and efficient detection methods for protozoan parasites can substantially control the outbreak of protozoan parasites infection, which poses a threat to global public health. Idealistically, electrochemical biosensors would be able to overcome the limitations of current detection methods due to their simplified detection procedure, on-site quantitative analysis, rapid detection time, high sensitivity, and portability. The objective of this scoping review is to evaluate the current state of electrochemical biosensors for detecting protozoan parasites. This review followed the most recent Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) recommendations. Using electrochemical biosensor and protozoan parasite keywords, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect on journals published between January 2014 and January 2022. Of the 52 studies, 19 were evaluated for eligibility, and 11 met the review's inclusion criteria to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of the developed electrochemical biosensor platforms for detecting protozoan parasite including information about the samples, biomarkers, bioreceptors, detection system platform, nanomaterials used in fabrication, and limit of detection (LoD). Most electrochemical biosensors were fabricated using conventional electrodes rather than screen-printed electrodes (SPE). The range of the linear calibration curves for the developed electrochemical biosensors was between 200 ng/ml and 0.77 pM. The encouraging detection performance of the electrochemical biosensors demonstrate their potential as a superior alternative to existing detection techniques. On the other hand, more study is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the electrochemical sensing platform for protozoan parasite detection.
快速、准确、高效的原生动物寄生虫检测方法的发展可以极大地控制原生动物寄生虫感染的爆发，这对全球公共卫生构成威胁。理想情况下，电化学生物传感器由于其简化的检测程序、现场定量分析、快速检测时间、高灵敏度和便携性，能够克服当前检测方法的局限性。本范围综述的目的是评估用于检测原生动物寄生虫的电化学生物传感器的现状。本综述遵循最近的系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目用于范围综述（PRISMA-ScR）建议。使用电化学生物传感器和原生动物寄生虫关键词，在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 ScienceDirect 上对 2014 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月期间发表的期刊进行文献检索。在 52 项研究中，有 19 项被评估为符合资格，有 11 项符合审查的纳入标准，以评估开发的电化学生物传感器平台检测原生动物寄生虫的有效性和局限性，包括有关样品、生物标志物、生物受体、检测系统平台、用于制造的纳米材料和检测限 (LoD) 的信息。大多数电化学生物传感器是使用常规电极而不是丝网印刷电极 (SPE) 制造的。开发的电化学生物传感器的线性校准曲线范围在 200ng/ml 至 0.77 pM 之间。电化学生物传感器令人鼓舞的检测性能表明它们具有替代现有检测技术的潜力。另一方面，需要更多的研究来确定用于原生动物寄生虫检测的电化学传感平台的灵敏度和特异性。
