From the Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC.
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Epidemiology. 2024 Nov 1;35(6):874-884. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001772. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemicals, including organophosphate pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenols, is associated with altered fetal and childhood growth. Few studies have examined these associations using longitudinal growth trajectories or considering exposure to chemical mixtures.
Among 777 participants from the Generation R Study, we used growth mixture models to identify weight and body mass index trajectories using weight and height measures collected from the prenatal period to age 13. We measured exposure biomarkers for organophosphate pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenols in maternal urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between averaged exposure biomarker concentrations and growth trajectories. We used quantile g-computation to estimate joint associations with growth trajectories.
Phthalic acid (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.9) and bisphenol A (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0, 2.2) were associated with higher odds of a growth trajectory characterized by smaller prenatal and larger childhood weight relative to a referent trajectory of larger prenatal and average childhood weight. Biomarkers of organophosphate pesticides, individually and jointly, were associated with lower odds of a growth trajectory characterized by average prenatal and lower childhood weight.
Exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A was positively associated with a weight trajectory characterized by lower prenatal and higher childhood weight, while exposure to organophosphate pesticides was negatively associated with a trajectory of average prenatal and lower childhood weight. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that nonpersistent chemical exposures disrupt growth trajectories from the prenatal period through childhood.
产前暴露于非持久性化学物质，包括有机磷杀虫剂、邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚，与胎儿和儿童生长的改变有关。很少有研究使用纵向生长轨迹或考虑化学混合物暴露来检查这些关联。
在来自 Generation R 研究的 777 名参与者中，我们使用生长混合模型，使用从产前到 13 岁期间收集的体重和身高测量值，确定体重和体重指数轨迹。我们在妊娠期间的三个时间点测量了母体尿液中有机磷杀虫剂、邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚的暴露生物标志物。使用多项逻辑回归来估计平均暴露生物标志物浓度与生长轨迹之间的关联。我们使用分位数 g 计算来估计与生长轨迹的联合关联。
邻苯二甲酸（OR = 1.4；95%CI = 1.01，1.9）和双酚 A（OR = 1.5；95%CI = 1.0，2.2）与产前较小、儿童期较大的体重生长轨迹的较大几率相关，而相对于产前较大、儿童期平均体重的参照轨迹。邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚 A 的生物标志物，单独和联合，与产前平均和儿童期较低体重的生长轨迹的较低几率相关。
邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚 A 的暴露与产前较小、儿童期较大的体重生长轨迹呈正相关，而有机磷杀虫剂的暴露与产前平均和儿童期较低体重的轨迹呈负相关。这项研究与非持久性化学物质暴露从产前到儿童期破坏生长轨迹的假设一致。
