The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Departments of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Environ Int. 2024 May;187:108726. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108726. Epub 2024 May 8.
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates during pregnancy may disrupt fetal developmental programming and influence early-life growth. We hypothesized that prenatal bisphenol and phthalate exposure was associated with alterations in adiposity through 4 years. This associations might change over time.
Among 1091 mother-child pairs in a New York City birth cohort study, we measured maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols and phthalates at three time points in pregnancy and child weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 years. We used linear mixed models to assess associations of prenatal individual and grouped bisphenols and phthalates with overall and time-point-specific adiposity outcomes from birth to 4 years.
We observed associations of higher maternal urinary second trimester total bisphenol and bisphenol A concentrations in pregnancy and overall child weight between birth and 4 years only (Beta 0.10 (95 % confidence interval 0.04, 0.16) and 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) standard deviation score (SDS) change in weight per natural log increase in exposure), We reported an interaction of the exposures with time, and analysis showed associations of higher pregnancy-averaged mono-(2-carboxymethyl) phthalate with higher child weight at 3 years (0.14 (0.06, 0.22)), and of higher high-molecular-weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono-(2-carboxymethyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with higher child weight at 4 years (0.16 (0.04, 0.28), 0.15 (0.03, 0.27), 0.19 (0.07, 0.31), 0.16 (0.07, 0.24), 0.11 (0.03, 0.19)). Higher pregnancy-averaged high-molecular-weight phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono-2(ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate concentrations were associated with higher child BMI at 4 years (0.20 (0.05, 0.35), 0.20 (0.05, 0.35), 0.22 (0.06, 0.37), 0.20 (0.05, 0.34), 0.20 (0.05, 0.34)). For skinfold thicknesses, we observed no associations.
This study contributes to the evidence suggesting associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and high-molecular-weight phthalates on childhood weight and BMI.
怀孕期间接触双酚类和邻苯二甲酸酯等内分泌干扰化学物质可能会破坏胎儿发育编程并影响生命早期的生长。我们假设产前双酚类和邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与 4 年内的肥胖变化有关。这种关联可能会随时间而变化。
在纽约市出生队列研究的 1091 对母婴对中，我们在妊娠的三个时间点测量了母亲尿液中的双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐浓度，以及 1、2、3 和 4 岁时儿童的体重、身高、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度。我们使用线性混合模型来评估产前个体和分组的双酚和邻苯二甲酸盐与出生至 4 岁之间的整体和特定时间点肥胖结果之间的关联。
我们仅观察到妊娠中期总双酚和双酚 A 浓度与整体儿童体重之间存在更高的关联（出生至 4 岁时体重的 0.10（95%置信区间 0.04，0.16）和 0.07（0.02，0.12）标准偏差评分（SDS）变化） 每增加一次暴露的自然对数）。我们报告了这些暴露物与时间的相互作用，分析表明妊娠平均单（2-羧甲基）邻苯二甲酸酯与 3 岁时更高的儿童体重有关（0.14（0.06，0.22）），而高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯、单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯、单（2-羧甲基）邻苯二甲酸酯和单（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯与 4 岁时更高的儿童体重有关（0.16（0.04，0.28），0.15（0.03，0.27），0.19（0.07，0.31），0.16（0.07，0.24），0.11（0.03，0.19））。妊娠平均高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯、单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯、单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯和单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯浓度与 4 岁时儿童 BMI 较高有关（0.20（0.05，0.35），0.20（0.05，0.35），0.22（0.06，0.37），0.20（0.05，0.34），0.20（0.05，0.34））。对于皮褶厚度，我们没有观察到任何关联。
本研究有助于证明产前暴露于双酚类和高分子量邻苯二甲酸酯与儿童体重和 BMI 有关的证据。
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