Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, DE, USA.
USDA-ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA.
Poult Sci. 2024 Sep;103(9):104044. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104044. Epub 2024 Jun 28.
Protected biofactors and antioxidants (PBA), and protected biofactors and antioxidants with protected organic acids and essential oils (PBA+POAEO) have been shown to have benefits in stressed or challenged birds. Here, we describe the immunometabolic changes observed in the liver of Ross 308 broilers during feed supplementation and brief physiological stress. These studied additives contain protected essential oils, organic acids, and vitamins which may have protective effects on the liver. Thus, we aimed to determine the signaling changes induced by these supplements and the resultant immunometabolic effects in the liver. All birds received a 2X dose of live bronchitis vaccine at d 0 and a 48-h cold challenge by reducing the temperature from 30 to 32°C, to 20 to 23°C on d 3 to 5. Control birds were fed a standard diet without supplementation. Liver samples were collected to evaluate the effects of these treatments on cytokine gene expression and protein phosphorylation via kinome peptide array. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the gene expression data (significance at a p-value of 0.05), and PIIKA2 was used for statistical evaluation and comparative analysis of the kinome peptide array data. At d 15, the kinome peptide array analysis and gene expression data showed stimulation of the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) signal transduction for host protection via heightened immune response while inducing immune modulation and reducing inflammation in both supplement treated groups. Significant changes were observed via IL-6R signaling in the metabolic profiles of both groups compared to control and no significant differences when compared to each other. In the liver, these 2 feed additives induced immunometabolic changes predominantly via the IL-6 receptor family signaling cascade. Differences between the 2 treated groups were predominantly in the metabolic pathways, centered around the mTOR pathway and the proteins AMPK, mTOR and S6K, with a more anabolic phenotype following the addition of essential oils.
保护生物因子和抗氧化剂（PBA）以及添加了保护有机酸和必需精油的保护生物因子和抗氧化剂（PBA+POAEO）已被证明对处于应激或挑战状态的鸟类有益。在这里，我们描述了罗斯 308 肉鸡在饲料补充和短暂的生理应激期间肝脏中观察到的免疫代谢变化。这些研究添加剂含有保护精油、有机酸和维生素，它们可能对肝脏有保护作用。因此，我们旨在确定这些补充剂诱导的信号变化以及它们在肝脏中产生的免疫代谢效应。所有的鸡都在第 0 天接受了双倍剂量的活支气管炎疫苗，在第 3 天至第 5 天，通过将温度从 30°C 降低到 32°C，然后降低到 20°C 至 23°C，对鸡进行了 48 小时的冷应激。对照鸡喂食不含补充剂的标准饮食。收集肝脏样本以通过激酶组肽阵列评估这些处理对细胞因子基因表达和蛋白磷酸化的影响。方差分析用于基因表达数据的统计分析（显著性水平为 p 值 0.05），PIIKA2 用于激酶组肽阵列数据的统计评估和比较分析。在第 15 天，激酶组肽阵列分析和基因表达数据显示，通过增强免疫反应，刺激白细胞介素 6 受体（IL-6R）信号转导，为宿主提供保护，同时诱导免疫调节并减少两组补充剂治疗的炎症。与对照组相比，两组的代谢谱均通过 IL-6R 信号发生了显著变化，与彼此相比无显著差异。在肝脏中，这两种饲料添加剂主要通过白细胞介素 6 受体家族信号级联诱导免疫代谢变化。两组之间的差异主要集中在代谢途径上，围绕着 mTOR 途径和 AMPK、mTOR 和 S6K 蛋白，添加精油后表现出更合成代谢的表型。
