Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 24;19(7):e0305205. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305205. eCollection 2024.
Overweight/obesity has become global health concern with increasing prevalence. This study examined district-level disparities and spatial clustering of overweight/obesity among women of reproductive age (WRA) in India using the latest National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data.
Information of 623,656 women aged 15 to 49 from the NFHS-5 (2019-2021) were analysed in this study. The outcome variable was BMI as classified by the world health organisation (WHO). Utilising Global Moran's I, Anselin's Local Moran's I, and spatial regression models spatial clustering and associated factors were analysed.
The study found that 24% (95% CI: 23.8-24.3) of WRA in India were overweight/obese in 2019-21. The prevalence was greatest in Punjab (41%) and lowest in Meghalaya (11%). Additionally, the Global Moran's I value for the outcome variable was 0.73, indicating a positive spatial autocorrelation in the overweight/obesity. Districts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Telangana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Haryana, and Delhi were hotspots of overweight/obesity. Several factors of overweight/obesity among WRA were identified, including place of residence (β: 0.034, p: 0.011), parity (β: 0.322, p: 0.002), social group (β: -0.031, p: 0.016), religion (β: -0.044, p: <0.001), household wealth status (β: 0.184, p: <0.001), mass-media exposure (β: 0.056, p: 0.031), and diabetes (β: 0.680, p: <0.001).
The study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions and region-specific strategies, while also stressing the need to address associated factors to develop effective public health initiatives aimed at reducing overweight/obesity prevalence among WRA in India.
超重/肥胖已成为全球健康问题，其患病率不断上升。本研究利用最新的 2019-2021 年全国家庭健康调查-5（NFHS-5）数据，研究了印度育龄妇女（WRA）的地区差异和超重/肥胖的空间集聚。
本研究分析了来自 NFHS-5（2019-2021）的 623656 名年龄在 15 至 49 岁的妇女的信息。结果变量是世界卫生组织（WHO）分类的 BMI。利用全局 Moran's I、Anselin 的局部 Moran's I 和空间回归模型分析了空间集聚和相关因素。
研究发现，2019-21 年印度有 24%（95%CI：23.8-24.3）的 WRA 超重/肥胖。普纳（41%）的患病率最高，梅加拉亚（11%）最低。此外，结果变量的全局 Moran's I 值为 0.73，表明超重/肥胖存在正空间自相关。泰米尔纳德邦、安得拉邦、卡纳塔克邦、喀拉拉邦、特伦甘纳邦、旁遮普邦、喜马偕尔邦、查谟和克什米尔邦、哈里亚纳邦和德里的地区是超重/肥胖的热点地区。确定了影响 WRA 超重/肥胖的几个因素，包括居住地（β：0.034，p：0.011）、生育次数（β：0.322，p：0.002）、社会群体（β：-0.031，p：0.016）、宗教（β：-0.044，p：<0.001）、家庭财富状况（β：0.184，p：<0.001）、大众媒体接触（β：0.056，p：0.031）和糖尿病（β：0.680，p：<0.001）。
本研究强调了采取有针对性的干预措施和制定特定区域策略的重要性，同时也强调需要解决相关因素，以制定有效的公共卫生计划，降低印度 WRA 的超重/肥胖患病率。
