Udoh Arit, Ernawati Desak, Ikhile Ifunanya, Yahyouche Asma
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80234, Bali, Indonesia.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2024 Jun 26;12(4):98. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy12040098.
Pharmacy-based vaccination (PBV) services increase coverage and enhance access to lifesaving vaccines. This systematic review assessed the proportion of pharmacists willing to offer PBV services. PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus electronic databases were searched from inception to identify relevant literature. Google scholar and other sources of grey literature was also searched. The literature findings were synthesized narratively, and via a random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was evaluated using nine quality assessment criteria adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (REF: CRD42021293692). In total, 967 articles were identified from the literature search. Of this, 34 articles from 19 countries across 5 WHO regions were included in the review. No article from the Western Pacific WHO region was identified. Most of the included studies (n = 21, 61.8%) showed an overall low risk of bias. None showed a high risk of bias. Pooled willingness for PBV services was 69.45% (95% CI: 61.58-76.33; n total pharmacists = 8877), indicating that most pharmacists were willing to offer the service, although nearly a third were not. Pharmacists' willingness was highest in the Americas (71.49%, 95% CI: 53.32-84.63, n pharmacists = 3842) and lowest in the African region (58.71%, 95% CI: 45.86-70.46, n pharmacists = 1080) although the between-group difference was not statistically significant across the WHO regions (Q = 3.01, df = 4, < 0.5567). Meta-regression showed no evidence (R = 0%, = 0.9871) of the moderating effect of the type of vaccine assessed, PBV service availability, sampling technique and the study risk of bias. These findings show that most pharmacists are willing to offer PBV services; however, strategies that will enhance greater involvement in service provision are needed.
基于药房的疫苗接种（PBV）服务提高了疫苗接种覆盖率，并增加了获得救命疫苗的机会。本系统评价评估了愿意提供PBV服务的药剂师比例。检索了PubMed/MEDLINE、CINAHL、EMBASE和Scopus电子数据库自创建以来的相关文献。还检索了谷歌学术和其他灰色文献来源。对文献研究结果进行了叙述性综合，并通过随机效应荟萃分析进行分析。使用从乔安娜·布里格斯研究所患病率研究清单改编的九个质量评估标准评估偏倚风险。该综述方案已在PROSPERO上注册（参考文献：CRD42021293692）。通过文献检索共识别出967篇文章。其中，来自世卫组织5个区域19个国家的34篇文章被纳入综述。未检索到来自世卫组织西太平洋区域的文章。大多数纳入研究（n = 21，61.8%）显示总体偏倚风险较低。没有研究显示高偏倚风险。PBV服务的合并意愿为69.45%（95%CI：61.58 - 76.33；药剂师总数n = 8877），这表明大多数药剂师愿意提供该服务，尽管近三分之一的药剂师不愿意。药剂师的意愿在美洲最高（71.49%，95%CI：53.32 - 84.63，药剂师n = 3842），在非洲区域最低（58.71%，95%CI：45.86 - 70.46，药剂师n = 1080），尽管在世卫组织各区域之间的组间差异无统计学意义（Q = 3.01，df = 4，P < 0.5567）。元回归显示，没有证据（R = 0%，P = 0.9871）表明所评估疫苗类型、PBV服务可用性、抽样技术和研究偏倚风险具有调节作用。这些研究结果表明，大多数药剂师愿意提供PBV服务；然而，需要采取策略来加强他们在服务提供方面的更多参与。
