School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2022 Apr;44(2):409-417. doi: 10.1007/s11096-021-01357-5. Epub 2021 Nov 26.
Background Austrian pharmacists are not authorised to administer immunisations, and evidence about their willingness to immunise is lacking. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate Austrian community pharmacists' willingness to administer immunisations in the future. Method This study is designed as a cross-sectional online survey based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF). The validated and piloted questionnaire obtained ethical approval by Robert Gordon University. Outcome measures included pharmacists' willingness to immunise, service requirements, barriers and education needs. Results The questionnaire was sent out to 3086 community pharmacists of which 380 responses were included in the final analysis (12.3%). Willingness to administer immunisations after appropriate training and legislative regulation was stated by 82.6% (n = 314) of participants. It was demonstrated that pharmacists willing to immunise were significantly younger than their counterpart (38 [IQR 31-49] years vs. 45 [IQR 37.5-54] years; OR 1.06; 1.03-1.09, 95% CI; p < 0.001). 'Legal liability' was considered the most critical barrier to service implementation, 'seeing blood' and 'close patient contact' as least critical. Pharmacists not willing to immunise showed a higher probability to evaluate personnel resources (OR 2.98; 1.35-6.58, 95% CI; p = 0.007), close patient contact (OR 2.79; 1.46-5.34, 95% CI; p = 0.002) and management of side effects (OR 2.62; 1.21-5.67, 95% CI; p = 0.015) as (highly) critical. The majority assessed the 'right timing for training' to be after the foundation training with a 2-yearly renewal. Conclusion Austrian community pharmacists show a strong willingness to administer immunisations while highlighting important requirements and barriers towards service implementation.
背景 奥地利药剂师没有被授权接种疫苗，并且缺乏关于他们接种疫苗意愿的证据。目的 本研究旨在调查奥地利社区药剂师未来接种疫苗的意愿。方法 本研究设计为基于理论领域框架（TDF）的横断面在线调查。经过验证和试点的问卷获得了罗伯特戈登大学的伦理批准。结果 该问卷已发送给 3086 名社区药剂师，其中 380 份回复被纳入最终分析（12.3%）。82.6%（n=314）的参与者表示，在接受适当的培训和立法监管后，愿意接种疫苗。结果表明，愿意接种疫苗的药剂师明显比他们的同行年轻（38[IQR 31-49]岁比 45[IQR 37.5-54]岁；OR 1.06；1.03-1.09，95%CI；p<0.001）。“法律责任”被认为是实施服务的最关键障碍，“见血”和“与病人密切接触”被认为是最不重要的障碍。不愿意接种疫苗的药剂师更有可能评估人员资源（OR 2.98；1.35-6.58，95%CI；p=0.007）、与病人密切接触（OR 2.79；1.46-5.34，95%CI；p=0.002）和副作用管理（OR 2.62；1.21-5.67，95%CI；p=0.015）（高度）关键。大多数人认为培训的“最佳时机”是在基础培训之后，每两年更新一次。结论 奥地利社区药剂师表现出强烈的接种疫苗意愿，同时强调了实施服务的重要要求和障碍。
