Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 25;19(7):e0306490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306490. eCollection 2024.
Iron and zinc are important nutrients during infancy, particularly for infants exclusively fed human milk at the beginning of complementary feeding (CF) from 6-12 months. The 1st Foods Study examined the ingredients and nutrient contents of commercially-available infant and toddler foods (ITFs) that were sold in the US and contained meat. Company websites (n = 22) were used to create a database of commercial ITFs (n = 165) available for purchase in the US and contained at least one meat (e.g., beef, chicken, pork). Single ingredient and ready-to-serve meals (for ages ≤ 9 months) and ready-to-serve meals (for ages 10+ months) were categorized as infant and toddler products, respectively. For each product, the ingredient list, intended age/stage, serving size (g), energy (kcal), protein (g), iron (mg), and zinc (mg) per serving were recorded from product labels. Nutrient amount/100 g was calculated for each product and medians and inter-quartile ranges were calculated and compared (1) by intended age/stage of the product and (2) according to meat type. In general, toddler products contained more iron than infant products. Within infant products (n = 65), more iron was found in products containing beef relative to products with other meats, which were similar in iron content. Within toddler products (n = 38), more iron was found in products containing seafood, followed by beef, turkey, and pork. Slightly less iron was found in products with chicken. Zinc content was infrequently reported (n = 17 total products). Because many of the products assessed contained low amounts of iron and zinc, meeting the current infant and toddler requirements for iron and zinc during the CF period may be challenging if commercial ITFs containing meat are the primary source of these nutrients.
铁和锌是婴儿期的重要营养物质，尤其是对于 6-12 个月开始添加补充食物（CF）时完全母乳喂养的婴儿。第 1 食品研究检查了市售婴儿和幼儿食品（ITF）的成分和营养含量，这些食品在美国销售且含有肉类。公司网站（n=22）用于创建一个包含至少一种肉类（例如牛肉、鸡肉、猪肉）的美国市售 ITF（n=165）数据库。单一成分和即食餐（适用于≤9 个月的年龄）和即食餐（适用于 10 个月以上的年龄）分别归类为婴儿和幼儿产品。对于每种产品，从产品标签上记录成分列表、预期年龄/阶段、份量（克）、能量（千卡）、蛋白质（克）、铁（毫克）和锌（毫克）/份量。为每个产品计算营养素量/100g，并计算中位数和四分位数范围，并进行比较：（1）按产品的预期年龄/阶段，（2）按肉类类型。一般来说，幼儿产品的铁含量高于婴儿产品。在婴儿产品（n=65）中，与含有其他肉类的产品相比，含有牛肉的产品中的铁含量更高，而这些产品的铁含量相似。在幼儿产品（n=38）中，含有海鲜的产品中铁含量更高，其次是牛肉、火鸡和猪肉。鸡肉产品中的铁含量略低。锌含量的报告频率较低（n=17 种产品）。由于评估的许多产品中含有少量的铁和锌，如果在 CF 期间商业 ITF 中含有肉是这些营养素的主要来源，那么满足当前婴儿和幼儿对铁和锌的要求可能具有挑战性。
