Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Multicenter Aids Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 25;230(1):67-77. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae094.
People with the human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) have microvascular disease. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates microvascular function and adipose tissue is inflamed in PWH, we tested the hypothesis that PWH have inflamed PVAT that impairs the function of their small vessels.
Subcutaneous small arteries were dissected with or without PVAT from a gluteal skin biopsy from 11 women with treated HIV (WWH) aged < 50 years and 10 matched women without HIV, and studied on isometric myographs. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Adipokines and markers of inflammation and ROS were assayed in PVAT.
PVAT surrounding the small arteries in control women significantly (P < .05) enhanced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and NO, and reduced contractions to thromboxane and endothelin-1. However, these effects of PVAT were reduced significantly (P < .05) in WWH whose PVAT released less adiponectin but more markers of ROS and inflammation. Moderation of contractions by PVAT were correlated positively with adipose adiponectin.
PVAT from WWH has oxidative stress, inflammation, and reduced release of adiponectin, which may contribute to enhanced contractions and therefore could promote small-artery dysfunction.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者存在微血管疾病。由于血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）调节微血管功能，且 HIV 感染者的脂肪组织存在炎症，因此我们提出假设，即 HIV 感染者的 PVAT 存在炎症，从而损害其小血管的功能。
从 11 名年龄<50 岁且接受过治疗的 HIV 女性（WWH）和 10 名匹配的无 HIV 女性的臀部皮肤活检中分离出带或不带 PVAT 的皮下小动脉，并在等长肌描记器上进行研究。通过荧光显微镜测量一氧化氮（NO）和活性氧（ROS）。在 PVAT 中检测脂联素和炎症及 ROS 标志物。
与对照组女性相比，小动脉周围的 PVAT 显著增强了（P<.05）乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性舒张和 NO，并且降低了对血栓素和内皮素-1的收缩反应。然而，WWH 的这些 PVAT 作用明显减弱（P<.05），其 PVAT 释放的脂联素减少，但 ROS 和炎症标志物增加。PVAT 对收缩的调节与脂肪组织中脂联素呈正相关。
WWH 的 PVAT 存在氧化应激、炎症和脂联素释放减少，这可能导致收缩增强，从而促进小动脉功能障碍。
