Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Community Health, Child Nursing and Aging, Ramsar School of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Cancer Control. 2024 Jan-Dec;31:10732748241266788. doi: 10.1177/10732748241266788.
Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor affecting patient survival, so screening can reduce the burden of this disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on breast cancer screening in rural women.
In this quasi-experimental study, 480 women referring to the health care centers in the cities of Fasa and Shiraz were divided into two groups, intervention (n = 240) and control (n = 240), using cluster random sampling method, in 2021-2022. We randomly selected two health care centers in Shiraz and Fasa and invited them to participate in the study. The demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the TPB were used to collect the data. The intervention included 50-minute sessions on topics such as breast cancer basics, screening methods, barriers to mammography, and the role of peer groups. Data were collected before and 4 months after the intervention.
The results showed no difference between the two groups in awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and breast cancer screening performance before the intervention. Four months after the intervention, a significant increase was found in the intervention group in awareness (7.46 ± 1.50 to 18.54 ± 1.20), attitude (28.55 ± 4.62 to 58.69 ± 4.35), perceived behavioral control (22.52 ± 3.32 to 40.88 ± 3.84), and subjective norms (20.37 ± 3.34 to 21.99 ± 3.38). Instead, no significant difference in the mentioned constructs ( < 0.05) was observed in the control group.
This study demonstrated that TPB-based education enhanced awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavioral intention towards breast cancer screening. The TPB empowers women in rural communities to prioritize their health and seek timely breast cancer screening. Continued efforts and improved access to screening services are crucial for improved outcomes.
早期诊断乳腺癌是影响患者生存的关键因素，因此筛查可以减轻这种疾病的负担。本研究旨在探讨基于计划行为理论（TPB）的教育对农村妇女乳腺癌筛查的影响。
在这项准实验研究中，2021-2022 年，我们采用整群随机抽样方法，将前往法尔斯省和设拉子市医疗中心就诊的 480 名妇女分为干预组（n=240）和对照组（n=240）。我们随机选择了设拉子市和法尔斯省的两个医疗中心，并邀请他们参与研究。采用人口统计学信息问卷和研究者基于 TPB 自制的问卷收集数据。干预措施包括 50 分钟的关于乳腺癌基础知识、筛查方法、乳房 X 光摄影障碍以及同伴群体作用等主题的课程。在干预前和干预后 4 个月收集数据。
干预前，两组在意识、态度、感知行为控制、主观规范、行为意向和乳腺癌筛查表现方面无差异。干预 4 个月后，干预组在意识（7.46±1.50 至 18.54±1.20）、态度（28.55±4.62 至 58.69±4.35）、感知行为控制（22.52±3.32 至 40.88±3.84）和主观规范（20.37±3.34 至 21.99±3.38）方面均显著增加，而对照组在上述结构方面无显著差异（<0.05）。
本研究表明，基于 TPB 的教育增强了农村妇女对乳腺癌筛查的意识、态度、感知行为控制、主观规范和行为意向。TPB 使农村社区的妇女能够重视自己的健康并及时进行乳腺癌筛查。持续努力并改善筛查服务的获取途径对于改善结果至关重要。
