Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, South Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 1;282:116755. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116755. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
Heavy metal contamination of aquatic environments adversely affects the health of aquatic organisms and consumption of fish contaminated with heavy metals poses serious health risks to humans. Among various strategies, probiotics (living microorganisms known to have beneficial effects on the host), which have been extensively applied in the aquaculture industry, could be helpful for heavy metal detoxification and remediation. Several probiotics, including Lactobacillus strains, exhibit heavy metal binding, high heavy metal tolerance, and other beneficial characteristics for the host. Notably, numerous probiotics have been reported to bind heavy metals and excrete them from the host. Various probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Lactococcus, etc.) show beneficial effects in alleviating heavy metal toxicity in cultured fish species. Certain probiotic bacteria reduce the absorption and bioavailability of heavy metals by enhancing heavy metal detoxification and sequestration while preserving gut barrier function. This review summarises the toxic effects of selected heavy metals on the health of farmed fish and discusses the role of probiotic strains in remediating the consequential exposure-induced immune toxicity and oxidative stress. Moreover, we discussed the protective strategies of probiotics against heavy metal accumulation in various tissues and gut dysbiosis in fish to alleviate heavy metal toxicity in fish farming, thereby promoting a sustainable blue economy worldwide.
重金属污染的水生环境会对水生生物的健康造成不良影响，而食用受重金属污染的鱼类会对人类健康造成严重威胁。在各种策略中，益生菌（已知对宿主有益的活微生物）被广泛应用于水产养殖业，有助于重金属解毒和修复。包括乳杆菌属菌株在内的几种益生菌具有重金属结合、高重金属耐受性和对宿主有益的其他特性。值得注意的是，已有大量报道称益生菌可以结合重金属并将其从宿主中排出。各种益生菌菌株（乳杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、乳球菌属等）在减轻养殖鱼类的重金属毒性方面表现出有益的效果。某些益生菌细菌通过增强重金属解毒和螯合作用，同时保持肠道屏障功能，减少重金属的吸收和生物利用度。本综述总结了选定重金属对养殖鱼类健康的毒性影响，并讨论了益生菌菌株在修复由此导致的暴露诱导的免疫毒性和氧化应激方面的作用。此外，我们还讨论了益生菌在减轻鱼类养殖中重金属积累和肠道菌群失调方面的保护策略，以缓解鱼类的重金属毒性，从而促进全球可持续的蓝色经济。
