Kakade Apurva, Sharma Monika, Salama El-Sayed, Zhang Peng, Zhang Lihong, Xing Xiaohong, Yue Jianwei, Song Zhongzhong, Nan Lan, Yujun Su, Li Xiangkai
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Apr 15;223:115186. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115186. Epub 2022 Dec 28.
The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic ecosystems is a universal concern due to their tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms. HMs accumulation has been found to cause toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The common HMs-induced toxicities are growth inhibition, reduced survival, oxidative stress, tissue damage, respiratory problems, and gut microbial dysbiosis. The application of dietary probiotics has been evolving as a potential approach to bind and remove HMs from the gut, which is called "Gut remediation". The toxic effects of HMs in fish, mice, and humans with the potential of probiotics in removing HMs have been discussed previously. However, the toxic effects of HMs and protective strategies of probiotics on the organisms of each trophic level have not been comprehensively reviewed yet. Thus, this review summarizes the toxic effects caused by HMs in the organisms (at each trophic level) of the aquatic food chain, with a special reference to gut microbiota. The potential of bacterial probiotics in toxicity alleviation and their protective strategies to prevent toxicities caused by HMs in them are also explained. The dietary probiotics are capable of removing HMs (50-90%) primarily from the gut of the organisms. Specifically, probiotics have been reported to reduce the absorption of HMs in the intestinal tract via the enhancement of intestinal HM sequestration, detoxification of HMs, changing the expression of metal transporter proteins, and maintaining the gut barrier function. The probiotic is recommended as a novel strategy to minimize aquaculture HMs toxicity and safe human health.
由于重金属（HMs）易于在水生生物体内积累，水生生态系统中重金属的存在是一个普遍关注的问题。已发现重金属积累会对水生生物产生毒性作用。常见的重金属诱导的毒性包括生长抑制、存活率降低、氧化应激、组织损伤、呼吸问题和肠道微生物失调。膳食益生菌的应用已逐渐成为一种从肠道中结合和去除重金属的潜在方法，这被称为“肠道修复”。此前已经讨论过重金属对鱼类、小鼠和人类的毒性作用以及益生菌去除重金属的潜力。然而，重金属对每个营养级生物的毒性作用和益生菌的保护策略尚未得到全面综述。因此，本综述总结了水生食物链中各营养级生物体内重金属所造成的毒性作用，特别提及了肠道微生物群。还解释了细菌益生菌在减轻毒性方面的潜力及其预防重金属对它们造成毒性的保护策略。膳食益生菌能够主要从生物体的肠道中去除重金属（50 - 90%）。具体而言，据报道益生菌可通过增强肠道对重金属的螯合作用、重金属解毒、改变金属转运蛋白的表达以及维持肠道屏障功能来减少肠道中重金属的吸收。益生菌被推荐为一种将水产养殖中重金属毒性降至最低并保障人类健康安全的新策略。
