National Biomedical and Genome Science Institute, Directorate of Healthcare Services, Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2024 Sep;316:151629. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151629. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
In 2015, Staphylococcus argenteus was reported for the first time as a novel species of the Staphylococcus aureus complex. While S. argenteus has been found in many countries, its presence in Indonesia has not been reported yet. Our aim is to confirm S. argenteus presence in Indonesia, describe its characteristics and analyze its genomic diversity.
The S. aureus isolates used in this study were collected from patients with skin and soft tissue infections in Indonesia, between July 2009 to February 2010. Randomly selected isolates were recultured from -80 C° stocks and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Isolates identified as S. argenteus, S. roterodami, or S. schweitzeri and S. aureus with a low score in the MALDI-TOF analysis were analyzed by a real-time PCR targeting the nucA gene able to identify true S. argenteus. Isolates identified as S. argenteus were further characterized by whole genome sequencing. Vitek®2 (bioMérieux) was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Fifteen isolates were identified as S. argenteus, with the majority belonging to ST2250. Two pairs of isolates proved to be identical by core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis. Most isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, except for seven isolates (46.7 %) that were resistant to benzylpenicillin, and one isolate was resistant to tetracycline (6.7 %). The presence of resistance genes blaZ and tet(45) correlated with these findings. Notably, the sey enterotoxin gene was prevalent in 80 % of the isolates. Other virulence factor genes were less prevalent. Plasmid replicon types in S. argenteus were also known to S. aureus.
Our study reveals the occurrence of S. argenteus in Indonesia. The diversity within Indonesian S. argenteus matches the global diversity of S. argenteus. Identical isolates between patients indicate potential transmission events. A lower prevalence of a broad panel of virulence factors suggests that S. argenteus is less virulent than S. aureus.
2015 年，金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌首次被报道为金黄色葡萄球菌复合体的一个新物种。虽然金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌已在许多国家发现，但在印度尼西亚尚未有报道。我们的目的是确认金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌在印度尼西亚的存在，描述其特征，并分析其基因组多样性。
本研究中使用的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株于 2009 年 7 月至 2010 年 2 月期间从印度尼西亚患有皮肤和软组织感染的患者中采集。从-80°C 的储存库中随机选择分离株进行再培养，并使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离-飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）进行分析。鉴定为金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌、罗特葡萄球菌或施氏葡萄球菌且 MALDI-TOF 分析得分较低的分离株，通过针对 nucA 基因的实时 PCR 进行分析，该基因能够鉴定真正的金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌。鉴定为金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌的分离株进一步通过全基因组测序进行特征描述。Vitek®2（生物梅里埃）用于抗菌药物敏感性测试。
鉴定出 15 株分离株为金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌，其中大多数属于 ST2250。通过核心基因组多位点序列分型分析，发现两对分离株完全相同。大多数分离株对所有测试的抗生素均敏感，除了 7 株（46.7%）分离株对青霉素耐药，1 株分离株对四环素耐药（6.7%）。blaZ 和 tet(45)耐药基因的存在与这些发现相关。值得注意的是，sey 肠毒素基因在 80%的分离株中普遍存在。其他毒力因子基因则较少见。金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌中的质粒复制子类型也与金黄色葡萄球菌相同。
我们的研究揭示了金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌在印度尼西亚的存在。印度尼西亚金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌的多样性与全球金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌的多样性相匹配。患者之间相同的分离株表明存在潜在的传播事件。广泛的毒力因子的较低流行率表明金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌比金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力要低。
